Short Notes-Atomic Structure
Short Notes On Atomic Structure * Atom is the smallest particle of an element- All 117 elements has atoms * Bohr model: - Planetary model (see Figure 1 below) 1. Sun (proton & neutron= nucleus) 2. Planets (electrons) 3. Orbit (shell)
Figure 1: Bohr model
* Each type of atoms has a certain number of electrons and protons that differentiate it from the atoms of other elements
Example: 1 proton 1 electron= Hydrogen (1 type elements) 2 proton, 2 neutron, 2 electron= Helium (other types elements) * There are many types of elements and it depends on the number of proton, neutron, and electron.
ATOMIC NUMBER * Elements are arranged in the periodic table (Jadual berkala) * Atomic number =Number of proton in Nucleus. (No of proton=No of electrons)
Example: 1 proton, 1 electron = Hydrogen (Atomic Number 1) in neutral (neutral) state (pada keadaan asal)
2 proton, 2 neutron, 2 electron= Helium (Atomic Number 2) in normal (neutral) state (pada keadaan asal)
* All atoms of an element have the same number of electrons as protons * The Positive charge (Protons +ve) cancels the negative charges (Electron -ve).
ELECTRON SHELLS (Petala) and ORBITS * Electron orbits the nucleus (proton & neutron) of an atom at certain distance. ( Elekton berpusing sekeliling nucleus dalam jarak tertentu)
Figure 2: Electrons energy increases as it is father from the nukleus * Elektrons near the nucleus have less energy than those in more distant orbits (Shell). * Based on Figure 2 above. The values of each electrons energy are Label as E. Notice as the electrons distance from the nucleas, its energy level increases (J). * In an atom, the orbits are grouped into energy band knows as SHELLs. * Atoms has fixed number of shells. Each shell has a fixed maximum number of electrons at a certain energy level. * The differences in energy levels within a shell are much smaller than the
Figure 1: Bohr model
* Each type of atoms has a certain number of electrons and protons that differentiate it from the atoms of other elements
Example: 1 proton 1 electron= Hydrogen (1 type elements) 2 proton, 2 neutron, 2 electron= Helium (other types elements) * There are many types of elements and it depends on the number of proton, neutron, and electron.
ATOMIC NUMBER * Elements are arranged in the periodic table (Jadual berkala) * Atomic number =Number of proton in Nucleus. (No of proton=No of electrons)
Example: 1 proton, 1 electron = Hydrogen (Atomic Number 1) in neutral (neutral) state (pada keadaan asal)
2 proton, 2 neutron, 2 electron= Helium (Atomic Number 2) in normal (neutral) state (pada keadaan asal)
* All atoms of an element have the same number of electrons as protons * The Positive charge (Protons +ve) cancels the negative charges (Electron -ve).
ELECTRON SHELLS (Petala) and ORBITS * Electron orbits the nucleus (proton & neutron) of an atom at certain distance. ( Elekton berpusing sekeliling nucleus dalam jarak tertentu)
Figure 2: Electrons energy increases as it is father from the nukleus * Elektrons near the nucleus have less energy than those in more distant orbits (Shell). * Based on Figure 2 above. The values of each electrons energy are Label as E. Notice as the electrons distance from the nucleas, its energy level increases (J). * In an atom, the orbits are grouped into energy band knows as SHELLs. * Atoms has fixed number of shells. Each shell has a fixed maximum number of electrons at a certain energy level. * The differences in energy levels within a shell are much smaller than the