Preview

Shining Path

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3780 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Shining Path
Shining Path: A Revolution of the Distressed The world today is faced with many obstacles concerning all the peoples of the world. The issues range from globalization to the state of the environment with every political, economic, and human interest lying in between. It is these human interests that will be brought to light by examining the revolutions of the Incan indigenous beginning in the early part of the twentieth century. Running parallel to their North American neighbors, the native peoples of Peru have lived in seriously impecunious conditions as the result of ethno racial discrimination handed them by their colonial occupiers; Spanish speakers. These revolutions, namely Shining Path, would eventually define the gap between the rich and the poor, the 1st and 3rd worlds, and those peoples struggling with the effects of a traditional world falling into the hands of modernity. Unfortunately Shining Path, the dominant revolutionary organization, would be widely regarded as a terrorist organization as opposed to a liberation movement. This negative attitude toward Shining Path can be directly attributed to their misrepresentation of these native peoples and also to their style of warfare which has made Shining Path the great example of an ideology gone astray; leaving the hopes of its followers and the fate of the Peruvian people in the dust and rubble of its destructive wake.
While the constituents of left and right wing political parties would battle each other for both power and affect throughout the first half of the twentieth century, neither end of the ideological spectrum would effectively bring about change in regard to the interests of the native Peruvian peoples. This is due largely in part to the marginalization of left wing parties as a result of their own military weakness and also the outright indifference on the part of conservatives to make serious, or even arbitrary, reforms to early constitutions. The reign of President Augusto B. Leguia



Cited: Degregori, Carlos Ivan "The Conquest that Failed: The War for the Center-South" Shining and Other Paths: war and society in Peru, 1980-1995 Gall, Norman "Peru: The Master is Dead" 1971 Ed. Steve J. Stern. Duke University, 1998. Gorriti, Gustavo Of Peru. Ed. David Scott Palmer. St. Martins Press, New York. 1992. Stern, Steve J Strong, Simon Shining Path: Terror and Revolution in Peru. Times Books Random House. 1992.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    While colonial influenced art is not a primary factor in our course on art and archaeology of ancient Peru, I detected a common theme of one style of art overcoming a previous style. The Spanish…

    • 394 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Peruvian civil war 1980 to 1992 saw 69,000 dead, and the PCP-SL was responsible for 54% of them. Trying to explain the rise of the PCP-SL historians have emphasized late economic crises; failed state reforms, and even radical Maoist leaders. However, much of those previous attempts have come under criticism, leading some to call for a move “beyond enigma” and to contextualize the PCP-SL and the civil war (Heilman, 1). Accordingly, some such as Carlos Ivan Degregori have situated the PCP-SL inside a long history of local elites who mixed concern for the indigenous with authoritarianism. Others, such as Lewis Taylor have found connections with the rise of the APRA in Cajamarca and the later rise of the PCP-SL in the same department.…

    • 973 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Túpac Amaru II, born José Gabriel Condorcanqui, was a highly educated kuraka who claimed to be a direct descendant of the Inca people. Túpac Amaru II sought to create an “Andean utopia through a restoration of Inca rule”, but at the same time he “professed loyalty to Christianity and the Spanish king” (Galindo, 146). As the Indian leader surrounding the city of Cuzco, Túpac Amaru II gathered the leaders of the surrounding regions to “come up with a plan not only to end exorbitant taxation by the Spaniards, but also to drive out the Europeans and restore an Inca monarchy” (Galindo, 146). While Amaru II claimed to be an Inca, his proclamations in the city of Cuzco “call for respect for the property and lives of mixed-bloods (mestizos) and creoles (criollos)”, but other partisan leaders believed that “all non-Indians should be put to death in a kind of ethnic cleansing” (Galindo, 148/149). When the rebellion ended, word of “the massacres of Spanish immigrants, especially those who had lived amongst the Indians, further widened the gap between the colonizers and the colonized” (Galindo, 155) After “Túpac Amaru’s death, the colonial authorities prohibited Inca nobility from using titles, ordered the destruction of paintings of the Incas, and forced the Indians to dress in Western clothes” (Galindo, 155). Despite the efforts put forth during the rebellion to ensure the survival of Andean society, “the rebellion had destabilized hopes for a return to the integration of the Andean population under Spanish rule” (Galindo, 155).…

    • 262 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    media, organized resistance by Guatemalan peasants is only described as guerrilla warfare, a revolutionary military resistance negatively known for harassment of their political enemies. However, this understanding simplifies the nature and objectives of the Guatemalan Indians’ organized resistance. Their fight manifested itself in many different ways: community groups, religious groups, and labor strikes, in addition to military groups. They were most commonly depicted in the U.S. as armed resistors, but according to Menchú, they didn’t have arms and instead used household items as weapons, such as hot water, stones, chile, salt, and lime (Menchú, ch. 17). Menchú most emphasizes their religion as their form of resistance, with “the Bible as [their] main weapon” (Menchú, p. 158).…

    • 1639 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    When discussing the importance of Spanish alliances, it is important to discuss Matthew Restall’s interpretation of “the myth of the white conquistador”. A common myth in regards to the Spanish Conquest is that the Aztecs were conquered by a small group of white Spanish men. Within Restall’s book titled “Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest”, he debunks the myth of the white conquistadors. Restall’s argues that “there is no doubt that the Spanish were consistently outnumbered by native enemies on the battlefield. But what has so often been ignored or forgotten is the fact that Spaniards tended also to be outnumbered by their own native allies. Furthermore, the invisible warriors of this myth took an additional form, that of the Africans, free and enslave, who accompanied Spanish…

    • 443 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    At the root of this system of institutionalized violence lay the fear of an indigenous uprising “coming down from the highlands”; the uprising of the early 1980s came closer than any other experience to realizing that great fear” (p.364). During this time, although the genocide had concluded…the ambition of ridding out the communist within the Mayan society was still continuing, especially from 1983-1990s. It was because of this that the Mayas were forced: to serve in the PACS (the self-defense patrol), to live in modern villages under military control, and to be overseen by the militarily administration in a constant effort to establish martial law which was all supervised by the General Victores. It was during this effort that the PACS were forced to kill villagers, the army used the essence of hunger to establish social control, and the ladino army felt it had the rights to control the Maya civilization of the highlands. Therefore… although the genocide itself was concluded…the efforts to control the Mayan society continued until 1990 when the war finally was concluded through the Guatemalan Peace…

    • 921 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This document was titled “Nuestra Lucha Permanente por Dignidad, Independencia y Sobernía” (Our Permanent Struggle for Dignity, Independence, and Sovereignty). During September 1999, RSCC planned to show the three-part documentary La Batalla de Chile which captures the political unrest leading up to the violent counter-revolution against Chile’s peaceful socialist revolution. This film was intended to educate viewers on Chilean history and the RSCC planned to show it in three parts throughout the month. In mid-September, La Raza scheduled a presentation on “Human Rights in Latin America: An Analysis of Chilean Dictator Augusto Pinochet’s Case” to be presented by Professor Kathryn Sikkink. Sikkink’s presentation analyzed how the “on-going” case surrounding the Chilean dictator would influence human rights claims in international law. The cultural center also held multiple panel discussions throughout the month of September. The first, on September 13, 1999, was on the topic of “Social Conditions of Chican@/Latin@ Workers in the Americas” and was led by two professors who had conducted extensive research on the topic. Their discussion intended to provide insight into the multiple social costs of contemporary globalization needs. The second panel discussion took place on September 15 and analyzed contemporary…

    • 1716 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Márquez, Gabriel García. "The Solitude of Latin America." Ed. Allén, Sture. “Nobel Lectures, Literature 1981-1990”. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 1993. (Print)…

    • 3376 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    Peru Research Paper

    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Before the country of Peru was invaded by Spanish conquistadors and became independent, there stood the Indian tribe of the Incas. Even though most of the Inca population was wiped out, the lifestyle and culture survived the many long years and still prospers in the modern world. Though the industry and lifestyle of the people in Peru have drastically changed from what the Inca initially had, much of the culture today is based on the Inca’s beliefs.…

    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Walking The Path

    • 261 Words
    • 1 Page

    2. Alvord organizes her essay in the form of a short story that is able to keep the reader…

    • 261 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Machu Picchu

    • 1981 Words
    • 8 Pages

    “Unpacking artifacts’ future in Peru,” Yale Daily News, Wednesday, February 16, 2011, part 3 of 3, http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/feb/16/unpacking-artifacts-future-peru/…

    • 1981 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    On January 1, 2004, over one thousand people in the mountain hamlet of Oventic, Chiapas, celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) rebellion with song and dance. Thus, it seems a fitting time to take stock of the successes and failures of the Zapatista movement in the context of its original goals. While the EZLN has been able to establish thirty eight autonomous indigenous communities in Chiapas, it has failed to weaken the Mexican government 's commitment to neo-liberal economic policies. In the following pages, we will explore those factors which enabled the Zapatistas to establish regions of autonomy and extrapolate from Theotonio Dos Santos ' understanding of the effects of reliance on foreign capital and Nora Hamilton 's analysis of the 'limits to state autonomy ' to rationalize the failure of the Zapatista 's broader vision of social justice.…

    • 1971 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Leving, Robert. "Andrada e. Silva, Jose Bonifacio de," World Book Online Reference Centre. http://www.worldbookonline.com/ar?/na/ar/co/ar021000.html. October 26, 2003…

    • 1396 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    American Indians or Native Americans have experience racial violence by the New World explorers since its discovery. Even after the New World explorers got their two continents, North America and South America, the American Indians in North America continued to feel discriminated and treated poorly. On a daily, American Indians challenge issues like high unemployment, high infant mortality, low school completion, the list can extend. Currently, the 21st century American Indians are continuing the urgency to raise their voices against discrimination by the government. There is coherent deposition of discrimination against American Indian since history has assembled, yet the fight for American Indian civil rights can go unheard of in a macro-level…

    • 117 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    American Indian Movement

    • 3085 Words
    • 13 Pages

    Native Americans have felt distress from societal and governmental interactions for hundreds of years. American Indian protests against these pressures date back to the colonial period. Broken treaties, removal policies, acculturation, and assimilation have scarred the indigenous societies of the United States. These policies and the continued oppression of the native communities produced an atmosphere of heightened tension. Governmental pressure for assimilation and their apparent aim to destroy cultures, communities, and identities through policies gave the native people a reason to fight. The unanticipated consequence was the subsequent creation of a pan-American Indian identity of the 1960s. These factors combined with poverty, racism, and prolonged discrimination fueled a resentment that had been present in Indian communities for many years. In 1968, the formation of the American Indian Movement took place to tackle the situation and position of Native Americans in society. This movement gave way to a series of radical protests, which were designed to draw awareness to the concerns of American Indians and to compel the federal government to act on their behalf. The movement's major events were the occupation of Alcatraz, Mount Rushmore, The Trail of Broken Treaties, and Wounded Knee II. These AIM efforts in the 1960s and 1970s era of protest contained many sociological theories that helped and hindered the Native Americans success. The Governments continued repression of the Native Americans assisted in the more radicalized approach of the American Indian Movement. Radical tactics combined with media attention stained the AIM and their effectiveness. Native militancy became a repertoire of action along with adopted strategies from the Civil Rights Movement. In this essay, I will explain the formation of AIM and their major events, while revealing that this identity based social movement's…

    • 3085 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics