Self Directed Learning
Precious Christal Grace Yarra Self-directed learning
BS Biology II Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Diversity, Body Plans & Evolutionary Relationship
Life is originated from the oceans. It is because of the properties of air.
When animals moved to land, they made pre-adaptation that made transitions from seawater habitants to other habitats.
The oldest known fossil of multicellular animals which were the metazoans was found and studied 543 to 635 million years ago.
Many animals were soft-bodied and others had hard parts but their most visible and noticeable feature is their substantial diversity.
Cambarian Explosion – the sudden appearance and rapid diversification of complex animals over several millions of years.
Most basic animal plans existed at least 100 million years before any were preserved as fossils.
It is based on differences such as those in amino acid sequence or it could be differences in nucleotide sequence of a particular gene.
The increase in atmospheric oxygen above critical concentration due to increased photosynthetic activity permitted outer covering to evolve.
Also, because of the increase in atmospheric oxygen fossilization happened.
Evolutionary relationship can be by morphological means, developmental, physiological, biochemical and, genetic similarities and differences.
Before evolutionary relationship is considered, animals are categorized through similarities and differences.
Phenotype may be a very misleading indicator.
Convergence – distantly related animal may come to resemble each other in some ways.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – permits biologist to very quickly generate copies of a specific DNA which is used for further studies.
Homology – centerpiece of phylogenetic detective work.
Homologous – morphological feature that share a common evolutionary origin.
- developed through similar pathways controlled by the same genetic instruction
- example : human cranium with the cats’ and dogs’
BS Biology II Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Diversity, Body Plans & Evolutionary Relationship
Life is originated from the oceans. It is because of the properties of air.
When animals moved to land, they made pre-adaptation that made transitions from seawater habitants to other habitats.
The oldest known fossil of multicellular animals which were the metazoans was found and studied 543 to 635 million years ago.
Many animals were soft-bodied and others had hard parts but their most visible and noticeable feature is their substantial diversity.
Cambarian Explosion – the sudden appearance and rapid diversification of complex animals over several millions of years.
Most basic animal plans existed at least 100 million years before any were preserved as fossils.
It is based on differences such as those in amino acid sequence or it could be differences in nucleotide sequence of a particular gene.
The increase in atmospheric oxygen above critical concentration due to increased photosynthetic activity permitted outer covering to evolve.
Also, because of the increase in atmospheric oxygen fossilization happened.
Evolutionary relationship can be by morphological means, developmental, physiological, biochemical and, genetic similarities and differences.
Before evolutionary relationship is considered, animals are categorized through similarities and differences.
Phenotype may be a very misleading indicator.
Convergence – distantly related animal may come to resemble each other in some ways.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – permits biologist to very quickly generate copies of a specific DNA which is used for further studies.
Homology – centerpiece of phylogenetic detective work.
Homologous – morphological feature that share a common evolutionary origin.
- developed through similar pathways controlled by the same genetic instruction
- example : human cranium with the cats’ and dogs’