Preview

Ruiz Vs Estelle Case Study

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
671 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Ruiz Vs Estelle Case Study
Alejandra Flores
Mr. Perez
GOVT 2306
May 6, 2014
Ruiz v. Estelle
Ruiz v. Estelle, filed in United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, eventually became the most far-reaching lawsuit on the conditions of prison incarceration in American history. It began as a civil action, a handwritten petition filed against the Texas Department of Corrections (TDC) in 1972 by inmate David Resendez Ruiz alleging that the conditions of his incarceration, such as overcrowding, lack of access to health care, and abusive security practices, were a violation of his constitutional rights. In 1974, the petition was joined by seven other inmates and became a class action suit known as Ruiz v. Estelle. The trial ended in 1979 with the ruling
…show more content…
In response to this, the TDC issued more than 450,000 pages of evidence and accepted 50 additional site visits. In 2001, the court found that the TDC was in compliance on the issue of use of force against inmates and had adequate policies and procedures in place. However, the court continued to have issues with the current and ongoing constitutional violations regarding administrative segregation in the conditions of confinement and the practice of using administrative segregation to house mentally ill inmates that it …show more content…
So, by the end of the 1980s the state embarked on a massive prison construction program. At the time of the Ruiz trial the state operated just eighteen prison facilities for approximately 25,000 inmates. In the late 1980s and early 1990s the state built an additional eighty-nine units of varying sizes and types to accommodate more than 140,000 prisoners. New units have continued to come on line over the past decade to accommodate a state prison population whose numbers have leveled off at approximately

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    According to the National Veterans Foundation, “According to the RAND Center for Military Health Policy Research, 20% of the vets who served in either Iraq or Afghanistan suffer from either major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder” (National Veterans Foundation, 2016). Esteban Santiago is no exception… On Friday, January 6th, veteran Esteban Santiago was coming home to Florida from his travels in Alaska. Santiago had legally boarded his firearm concealed in his firearm case empty. He later took that gun to a bathroom and loaded it and shot and killed five civilians.…

    • 616 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Engel Vs Vitale Case Study

    • 1065 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In 1962, the New York Law approved a prayer that sent the country into chaos. It all began when the New York Board of Regents authorized a short prayer that students would recite along with the Pledge of Allegiance. According to the school, the prayer was voluntary and non-denominational. The prayer read, "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our teachers, and our country." Many parents revolted and argued that the voluntary prayer was against their religious beliefs. One group of parents, lead by Steven Engel, took the case to court, claiming that the prayer violated the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment.…

    • 1065 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Engel Vs Vitale Case Study

    • 1310 Words
    • 6 Pages

    A. According to the First Amendment, the enactment of any law establishing a religion is prohibited. Under the supervision of the Constitution, Congress cannot interfere with the freedom of religion; however, the Fourteenth Amendment does not allow the states (or their officials) to limit the basic rights of all citizens.…

    • 1310 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Kennedy, E. (1985). Prison Overcrowding: The law’s Dilemma. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 478(1), 113-122. doi: 10.1177/0002716285478001010. Sage Publications.…

    • 1571 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Cjs/230

    • 443 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Prisons, unlike jails, confine felons sentenced to longer then a year to serve their sentence within the facilities. They are operated by state governments but the Federal Bureau of Prisons also houses federal offenders in Federal penitentiaries. Since its establishment of prisons within the United States, over-crowding has always been a growing problem in both state and federal prisons. Since the beginning of the first state penitentiary in America, which was Walnut Street Jail led by Dr. Benjamin Rush in Philadelphia in 1790, officials and scholars have always been looking for more humane and reformed alternatives to punishments for criminals. Through the years state prisons have found ways of making the penitentiaries more humane and reformed through public work services and other forms of labor. In the 1930s, state prisons developed prison work camps in which inmates would be made to work various labor jobs as “slaves of the state”. Today prisons are much different where they do offer labor programs in some states, prisons are more for reforming the criminals through educational and religious programs. As well as work there is also the variety of security levels for prisons present today which are: Maximum-security prisons, Close high-security prisons, Medium-security prisons, Minimum-security prisons, and Open-security prisons. Most state prisons have multilevel prisons to house various levels of securities depending on the offender. State prisons aren’t the only one that has history throughout the years, as there is also Federal prison. Congress passed the “Three Prisons Act” in 1891, establishing the Federal Prison System implementing the first three prisons: USP Leavenworth, USP Atlanta, and USP McNeil Island. Throughout the years of federal prisons…

    • 443 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In Brown v. Plata, the goals of the advocates and the majority of the Supreme Court were to remedy constitutional violations in California state prisons by reducing overcrowding. In his oral argument, Donald Specter, representing Plata et al., described how overcrowding was the root of inadequate medical and mental health care services for inmates. Specter explained how prison staff could not effectively administer services when physical space was unavailable and the caseload was…

    • 1222 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This paper will discuss how state and federal budgets are affected by the overcrowding of prisons. I chose this topic mainly because I use to work for the Alabama Department of Corrections from 2002 to 2005 as a Correctional Officer I. During the time I was employed for the department, I witness a lot of overcrowding in Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women. Things had gotten so bad due to the number of women whom were now committing crimes and Julia Tutwiler being the only female prison for women in the state of Alabama, overcrowding was bound to happen. As effect of the overcrowding at Julia Tutwiler Prison for…

    • 3377 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    As indicated by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), there are around 189,212 total federal inmates detained. Half of the overall public is detained, 154,180 are in BOP care (81%), 21,101 in privately managed facilities (12%) and 13,931 federal inmates in other types of facilities (7%). In viewing this report, the population growth has reached the maximum capacity, which is predominantly ruled by male inmates. About 46.4% of the growing population offensives were drug related by that are weapons, exposure, and arson offensives (16.8%). Divulging further into the problem, we look now to the distribution of prisoners within the system. As demonstrated by the Administration Responsibility Office (GAO), there are around 189,212 aggregate government prisoners confined. Half of the general population is confined, 154,180 are in BOP (81%), 21,101 in secretly overseas offices (12%) and 13,931 government prisoners are in maximum security facilities (7%). As we see here, there are various detainees and inadequate lodging range. Illinois is profoundly impacted by said congestion. Roughly every jail in Illinois is packed, as demonstrated by GAO. As per the report, Illinois, jail facilities were at first proposed to hold 28,200 detainees, however housed 48,300 as Dec. 31, 2014. State detainees held in private facilities ascended by 8% to 82,650 detainees during this period. Eighteen states and the District of Columbia had more private institutions in operation in 2005 than in 2000. Connecticut (up 30) and Ohio (up 25) had the biggest increments in the quantity of private organizations during this period. Continuing ahead, this development in the prison framework has likewise influenced citizens; the monetary allowance can't deal with the cost of…

    • 611 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cja/234 Sentencing Paper

    • 1495 Words
    • 6 Pages

    In the United States the number of criminals incarcerated in state and federal correctional systems has grown massively over the past several years. The number of those incarcerated has the greatest effect on state and federal correction systems. From 1930 to 1975 the average incarceration rate was 106 inmates per 100,000 adults in the population (Mackenzie, 2001). These numbers remained relatively stable until after 1975 (Mackenzie, 2001). By 1985 the rates were 202 per 100,000. By 1995 it was 411 and by 1997 it was 652 including local jail populations (Mackenzie, 2001). At the end of 1998 more than 1.3 million prisoners were under Federal or State jurisdiction (Mackenzie,…

    • 1495 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Over the last two decades (1980-2000), the US prison population has increased 450%. California has led the nation in prison growth since the early 1980s, and it incarcerated a higher percentage of its population than any nation on earth by 1994. The same year California enacted a controversial sentencing law that will drive prison growth for decades to come. This is the story of that law.…

    • 5293 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    LGBTI Inmatess

    • 246 Words
    • 1 Page

    1.1.3 Inmates identified as TI shall be housed in accordance with Department Order #801, Inmate Classification.…

    • 246 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The demand for private prisons arose during the tough-on-crime era. Ronald Reagan had taken a strong position against what he viewed as America’s ever growing drug war. Around this harder sentencing had been established and regulations were being put into place…

    • 581 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The history of state and federal prisons is quite interesting. Long ago, prisons did not really exist. Prisoners were housed in jails until trial, discharge, or execution. Since that time, state and federal prisons have been introduced and utilized. State prisons were the first to be invented. Prison facilities house criminals sentenced to one year or longer of incarceration, (usually felons). State prisons are run by the government of the individual state they are located in and the federal government is somewhat involved also. Over the years, the severity and number of crimes had increased, violent crimes had increased immensely. Therefore, state prisons began to have major problems with overcrowding. It was also determined that there needed to be separate facilities to house more violent and dangerous criminals away from other inmates. These facilities also needed to be more secure and protected than state prisons. Hence, Congress passed the Three Prisons Act in 1891 and the first federal prison was created and began to house federal prisoners in 1895. This first federal prison was an old military prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The second prison under this act was the prison at McNeil Island in 1907. The third prison enacted under this act was Atlanta. This prison opened in 1902 and was the first prison that was built new. Since then, many more state and federal prisons have been built and opened all over the United States. As crime increases, so does the need for these facilities.…

    • 268 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The prison system in America is undoubtedly the largest in the world, claiming the freedom of roughly four hundred and eighty six for every one hundred thousand Americans, on average. (Federal Bureau of Justice Consensus) The amount of inmates rises annually. At last consensus, midyear 2004, there were 2,131,180 inmates in the prison system, an increase of 2.3%. This increase was slightly less than that of previous years (3.5% since 1995) but is still an increase regardless. In fact this steady incline in total number of inmates has been increasing for over a decade.…

    • 912 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The increase in prison populations is a direct result of an increase in the likelihood of offenders’ being sent to prison; also, new incarcerations are occurring faster than releases from prison. The rate of admissions into state prisons (per one hundred prisoners) was 55 percent; the release rate was 31…

    • 1665 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays