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Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally-changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons. The term was first used in English in British India (now India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area. The south-west monsoon winds are called 'Nairutya Maarut' in India.

Definition

Monsoon, derived from the Arabic word "Mausim" meaning "season", although generally defined as a system of winds characterized by a seasonal reversal of its direction

• The American Meteorological Society defines it as a name for seasonal winds, first applied to the winds blowing over the Arabian Sea from northeast for six months and southwest for six months. Later it has been extended to similar winds in other parts of the world. • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) describes Monsoon as a tropical and subtropical seasonal reversal in both the surface winds and associated precipitation, caused by differential heating between a continental-scale land mass and the adjacent ocean. • Indian Meteorological Department defines it as the seasonal reversals of the wind direction along the shores of the Indian Ocean, especially in the Arabian Sea, that blow from the southwest during one half of the year and from the northeast during the other half. • Colin Stokes Ramage in Monsoon Meteorology, International Geophysics Series, Vol. 15, defines Monsoon as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by

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