Research Paper On Systemic Lupus

Lupus is a complicated and unpredictable disease, no two cases are alike. Each individual person with lupus acquire different symptoms that affect so many different organs. A mild case of lupus effects the skin or joints, the severity of the disease can vary from person to person. The skin is often “a characteristic red skin rash- the so called butterfly or malar rash- may appear across the nose, cheeks, hands and other areas exposed to the sun. Because many people with lupus are sensitive to sunlight (called Photosensitivity), skin rashes are often first develop or worsen after sun exposer”. Commonly, four or more of “The Eleven Criteria” must be present to make a diagnosis of systemic lupus. Malar rash: butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks and nose Discoid (skin) rash: raised red patches Photosensitivity: skin rash as result of unusual reaction to sunlight Mouth or nose ulcers: usually painless Arthritis (nonerosive) in two or more joints, along with tenderness, swelling, or effusion. With nonerosive arthritis, the bones around joints don’t get destroyed. Cardio-pulmonary involvement: inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis) and/or lungs (pleuritis) Neurologic disorder: seizures and/or psychosis Renal (kidney) disorder: excessive protein in the urine, or cellular casts in the urine Hematologic (blood) disorder: hemolytic anemia, low white blood cell count, or low platelet count Immunologic disorder: antibodies to double stranded DNA, antibodies to Sm,
Consulting in a rheumatologist who will review all the signs and symptoms followed by family medical history and various laboratory test such as urine, blood and tissue biopsies. It’s common for positive lab tests the first time and become negative the second time its tested. However, no single lab test can determine whether or not a person has