Research methodology
Unit II
RESEARCH PROCESS
Steps Involved In Research Process
1. Formulating the research problem: There are two types of research problems, viz., those which relate to states of nature and those which-relate to relationships between variables. At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to study, i.e., he must decide the general area of interest or aspect of a subject-matter that he would like to inquire into.
2. Extensive literature survey: Once the problem in formulated, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D degree to write a synopsis of the topic and submit it to the necessary
Committee or the Research Board for approval. At this juncture the researcher should undertake extensive literature survey connected with the problem. For this purpose, the abstracting and indexing journals and published or unpublished bibliographies are the first place to go to. Academic journals, conference proceedings, government reports, books etc., must be tapped depending on the nature of the problem.
3. Development of working hypotheses: After extensive literature survey, researcher should state in clear terms the working hypothesis or hypotheses.
Working hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. As such the manner in which research hypotheses are developed is particularly important since they provide the focal point for research. They also affect the manner in which tests must be conducted in the analysis of data and indirectly the quality of data which is required for the analysis." In most types of research, the development of working hypothesis plays an important role. Hypothesis should be very specific arid limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested.
4. Preparing the research design: The research problem having been formulated in clear cut terms, the
RESEARCH PROCESS
Steps Involved In Research Process
1. Formulating the research problem: There are two types of research problems, viz., those which relate to states of nature and those which-relate to relationships between variables. At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to study, i.e., he must decide the general area of interest or aspect of a subject-matter that he would like to inquire into.
2. Extensive literature survey: Once the problem in formulated, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D degree to write a synopsis of the topic and submit it to the necessary
Committee or the Research Board for approval. At this juncture the researcher should undertake extensive literature survey connected with the problem. For this purpose, the abstracting and indexing journals and published or unpublished bibliographies are the first place to go to. Academic journals, conference proceedings, government reports, books etc., must be tapped depending on the nature of the problem.
3. Development of working hypotheses: After extensive literature survey, researcher should state in clear terms the working hypothesis or hypotheses.
Working hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. As such the manner in which research hypotheses are developed is particularly important since they provide the focal point for research. They also affect the manner in which tests must be conducted in the analysis of data and indirectly the quality of data which is required for the analysis." In most types of research, the development of working hypothesis plays an important role. Hypothesis should be very specific arid limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested.
4. Preparing the research design: The research problem having been formulated in clear cut terms, the