In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the main character, Marlow travels through the Congo, witnessing scenes of torture, cruelty and near-slavery. The incidental scenery of the book offers a harsh picture of colonial enterprise. The book is regarded as an attack on imperialism and criticizes the immoral treatments of the European colonizers in Africa in the 19th century. However, the dehumanization of the Africans, and use of Africa as a backdrop setting for Marlow’s thought process, rather than an important focus has to do with hypocrisy inherent in the rhetoric used to justify imperialism.…
After setting foot on the land and beginning his journey to the Inner Station, Marlow observes a group of slaves, from which a particular one stands out in his decimated clothing and deprived appearance. Marlow, in vain, offers the slave a biscuit immediately before they die of hunger right before his eyes (28). This simple encounter echoes the irrefutable damages caused by imperialism and the idea that no matter what anyone does to try and reverse the effects, including Europeans themselves, the damage that has been done has been set in stone for centuries to come. As noted in Edward Said’s essay critiquing Heart of Darkness, “Conrad… could clearly see… imperialism was pure dominance, [but] he could not conclude that imperialism had to end so that natives could lead lives free of European domination” (Said par. 18). This quote unequivocally supports the notion that Europe became a necessary crutch for Africa, and provides evidence for the transformation of darkness to convey the idea of the long-lasting effects of…
He outwardly castigates Conrad’s novel as being racist and demeaning to non-white cultures. Chinua Achebe criticizes Conrad’s depiction of Africa as being stereotypical in the views of Western culture. One of Achebe’s fundamental arguments is that Conrad is advertising a false version of the African continent and its people. He portrays them as being hostile and uncivilized through the accounts of the main character, Marlow. Achebe is infuriated at this notion because Conrad’s style of writing covers up the true nature of its meaning. He believes that this form of writing emanates from Conrad’s own racist beliefs and upbringings as a child. Specific citations from the story indicate that Conrad put the Europeans on a higher pedestal as he characterizes them as being “illuminating”, and “twinkling” with brilliant ideas (Achebe 3). Conrad’s racism is delineated perfectly when there is an encounter with a black man and he describes his feelings as being “blind, furious, and unreasoning rage” when he encountered this man (Conrad 11). This vast disparity of descriptions of the two races show his inner thoughts and his hatred towards non-whites. According to Achebe "Conrad appears to go to considerable pains to set up layers of insulation between himself and the moral universe of his story”(Conrad 14). This is exactly how Conrad uses his stylistic form of writing to cover up these feelings of hatred and detest towards the African continent and its population. Achebe also points out that Conrad’s depiction of the rivers is a symbolic sign of his inherent racism. He states in his story that "going up that river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world” (Conrad 9). This is referencing the Congo River that led to Africa and Conrad uses a negative connotation in describing…
For instance, when the pilot is struck by a spear from the natives and Marlow is about to remove it, Conrad states that “ he looked at me anxiously, gripping the spear like something precious, with an air of being afraid I would try to take it away from him. I had to make an effort to free my eyes from his gaze…” (122). This piece from the text is metaphor to Africa and how people do not want see or know what they are doing to Africa. Marlow has seen the first-hand effects of imperialism in the Congo but does not come out and show his dissatisfaction but goes along with the violence and cruelty surrounding him station to station. Conrad is showing how people know that others are being slaughtered along with destruction of nature but pretend to turn away from these facts by “ closing their eyes” like Marlow. The reasoning for this is that people know that the reason this is occurring is because of their materialistic needs but they attempt to the hide from the truth. Conrad uses this technique of metaphors to allow the reader to judge right from wrong by giving an understanding and view of what imperialism does. Moreover, Conrad sums the entire purpose of imperialism into a phrase. Conrade practically defines imperialism by stating that it is the “ the vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of human conscience and…
He wanted to fill out the dark spots on the map that no one has explored before. Through his journey to Africa and his experience there was where he discovered the unfortunate side of Imperialism. Throughout his journey through Africa he witnesses the how unlawful and atrocious Imperialism is. He witnesses many things such as prisoners that were chained to one another, starving Africans, witnessed a handful of dying natives, and he also witnessed beheaded african heads on poles. He witnessed all the negative sides to Imperialism and how gruesome it was. Marlow states, “Just as though I had got a heavenly mission to civilize you” (Conrad 7). This portrays ideas from the White Man’s Burden where Marlow believed that it was his duty to conquer and educate the conquered. He believed that his race was superior and that it was his duty as the superior race to educate and civilize the barbaric natives. However his naivete came to an end as he spent more time in Africa. The more time he spent in Africa the more he realized how cruel they were being to the natives that were living there. He witnesses more and more cruel acts of the White abusing their powers and harming the natives and treating them crudely. It slowly came to his realization that what they were doing wasn’t right and that he didn’t want to believe in this form of…
Conrad uses light as a symbol of civilization. Just as darkness is defined as the absence of light, the black jungle represents the absence of the white man’s civilization – a civilization marked by corruption and evil. Conrad’s description of Brussels in is an example of how he uses simple detail to convey a much deeper meaning. “In a very few hours I arrived at a city that always made me think of a whited sepulcher” (Conrad, p.7). It is significant that Conrad describes the building Marlow departs from as a “whited sepulcher” (white tomb), because the offices in that building are driven by greed and their job is sending men to their almost certain deaths. The white men in the white town send sailors in search of their white prize: ivory. This cycle of evil begins and ends in this town. Describing the town as white is deceptive, because the town itself possesses a feeling of death. This symbolizes the deception of all the sailors who come to this town in hopes of finding fortune in the ivory industry and are instead sent to their deaths. Conrad makes it clear that this is a deception not found in the darkness of the jungle, but instead in the white, civilized city. When Marlow approaches dying slaves in the darkness of a shaded cove,…
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of destiny in Conrad’s criticism of colonialism. We will avail ourselves of the two knitting women to explore the relationship between Marlow and destiny and, thus, discover the philosophical ideas through which Conrad achieves his purpose.…
It is a mystery to Marlow why the slaves refrain from allowing the primitive hedonistic nature of hunger to run its course. In a brief moment he is dazzled by slaves restraint, they are acting more civilized than his colleagues are in the face of danger. Marlow considers this fact to be “…like a ripple on an unfathomable enigma, a mystery greater—when I thought of it—than the curious, inexplicable note of desperate grief in this savage clamour that had swept by us on the river-bank…(Conrad 38). As a ripple alters perception Marlow’s ability to make sense of humanity is in constant transformation. The imperialism of Africa is subject to grand interpretation, for Marlow it near impossible to comprehend. A symbol of the white conquest of Africa is displayed as “the foam on the depths of the sea” (Conrad 38). Moreover, Africa is equally foreign to white people as the depths of the ocean; only the exterior can be discerned. Throughout the story Marlow is constantly challenged by the “unfathomable enigma”(Conrad 38) that is the imperialism of Africa. The madness of…
Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness, was written around 1890 in a time where imperialism was common practice. The subjugation of other countries and nations was common for countries to do and was accepted as a normal process by the people of the dominant countries. From this society Conrad’s main protagonist emerges, Charles Marlow. Marlow is in essence a normal man from England, but as the story progresses he becomes anything but normal. Throughout the book the reader can see Marlow's "change," as caused by his exposure to the harsh and primal world that is the Congo. This change is minimally on a physical level and mostly on physiological and intellectual levels. Conrad emerges from the jungle a changed man, with new…
Throughout Heart of Darkness, the reader receives Joseph Conrad’s portrayal of Africa and its people under a remarkably demeaning light. When the author was born in 1857, racial tensions were at a heightened point in history and Conrad used the novel as a vehicle to advance his innately racist views. During the late nineteenth century, Imperialism struck Africa, leaving harmful effects on many of the native people and marking a dark moment in human history. The colonization of Africa, which had significant economic incentives behind it, ultimately led to intensely strained relationships between white Europeans and black natives, especially in Central Africa. Charles Marlow, the protagonist, is regularly confronted with the racism that stained…
Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, is a short novel about Marlow, a pensive sailor, and his journey up the Congo River to meet an idealist named Kurtz. Marlow works as a riverboat captain with a Belgian company organized to trade in the Congo. Throughout his journey, Marlow encounters extensive forms of brutality, thus taking him on another journey: one of self discovery and a newfound attitude towards life through encountering “the heart of darkness”.…
"What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretence but an idea."…
Hawkins argues that Conrad implements the evolutionary trope in Heart of Darkness, but also exposes the downfall of Europeans by showing their desire for merciless control and inhumane actions to control the African colonies. An evolutionary trope is a developmental logic that white civilization is more advanced than African civilizations (Lecture 2/16/17). Kurtz himself is a representation of Europe because he is a civilized man who becomes barbaric and savage after living in Africa. In addition, Hawkins noted that in Heart of Darkness, racism explicitly occurred as “Conrad likely didn’t show more of the Africans because he wanted to focus on the Europeans” (370). Much like Kurtz himself, Conrad and Marlow conceal a lot in their use of sophisticated words and diction. In addition, their high-strung eloquence is very underrated; people will do anything that the voice asks them to do, including the African people. Ultimately, by denying the humanity of Africa, Europeans are destroying their own humanity, and therefore, Europe is destroying…
Heart of Darkness is a captivating adventure tale of a journey into the Belgian Congo designed to give us a thrill. The main character, Marlow, is intrigued by the mystery of Africa as represented on the map and travels up the Congo to seek the unknowns in Africa. We’re told Marlow’s journey into the jungles of Africa, getting a glimpse of the provoked attacks on other Europeans for ivory. Joseph Conrad creates a symbolic journey into Africa, digging deep into the darkness of human conscience.…
In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the author fiercely challenges imperialism. Through this challenge, he demonstrates the internal battles of good and evil. In his work, he also displays issues of personal morals and alienation. At the time the novella was written, Europe had established territories across the map. It holds true that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely, especially when said power reigns over the fate of humans in society. Conrad illustrates the corruption of power through the books’ motif of darkness and the renegade of Kurtz.…