References: Diaphragm Differences
HOW AND WHY DO WE BREATHE
REFERENCES:
I. Essay pp. 3-5
II. References p. 6
The diaphragm is a muscle in the chest cavity that contracts and relaxes according to signals received by the respiratory center in the brain. In doing so, the diaphragm changes the pressure in the cavity. When the diaphragm contracts, it increases the volume of the chest cavity and lowers the air pressure, thus, air rushes in. This is called inhalation. Exhalation is caused by the relaxation of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume in the chest cavity and increases the air pressure. This causes air to rush out. Air passes the nostrils and enters the nasal passages where it is warmed, moistened and filtered, by the hairs, mucous, …show more content…
Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has been through the systemic circulation and much of a barrier to the gas's movement; but because there are always fluids and secretions present, the Po2 is reduced another few mmHg by the time it reaches the blood stream. The oxygenation of the blood depends upon the breathing. But at rest, we usually do not breathe very deeply and our lungs don't inflate fully. That means not all of the alveoli are actually ventilated. When we increase the depth of our inspirations and inflate those alveoli, we also increase the number of capillaries open to blood …show more content…
Haldane effect reflects the greater ability of reduced hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin and to buffer H+ by combining with it. As it turns out, if we relied only on the oxygen that was dissolved in the plasma of the blood, there wouldn't be enough oxygen for our needs. Luckily, we can pack the blood with lots more oxygen due to the presence of hemoglobin our red blood cells. Of all the oxygen in our blood, only about 2% of it is dissolved, the other 98% is attached to hemoglobin. Our ability to fully oxygenate the blood depends on our ability to load up the hemoglobin with oxygen. Once the blood circulates to the tissues, the oxygen has to Unbind from the hemoglobin so it can diffuse into the tissues. So what makes the Oz bind to the hemoglobin in the lungs and then Unbind from it in the tissues? Well, the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin depends on the PO2: where the PO2 is high, O2 will bind to the hemoglobin (Po2 is high in the lungs); where the Po2 is low, the hemoglobin will let go of the O2 (in the tissues, the tissues are using up the O2 and so Po2 there is low, - 40
REFERENCES:
I. Essay pp. 3-5
II. References p. 6
The diaphragm is a muscle in the chest cavity that contracts and relaxes according to signals received by the respiratory center in the brain. In doing so, the diaphragm changes the pressure in the cavity. When the diaphragm contracts, it increases the volume of the chest cavity and lowers the air pressure, thus, air rushes in. This is called inhalation. Exhalation is caused by the relaxation of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume in the chest cavity and increases the air pressure. This causes air to rush out. Air passes the nostrils and enters the nasal passages where it is warmed, moistened and filtered, by the hairs, mucous, …show more content…
Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has been through the systemic circulation and much of a barrier to the gas's movement; but because there are always fluids and secretions present, the Po2 is reduced another few mmHg by the time it reaches the blood stream. The oxygenation of the blood depends upon the breathing. But at rest, we usually do not breathe very deeply and our lungs don't inflate fully. That means not all of the alveoli are actually ventilated. When we increase the depth of our inspirations and inflate those alveoli, we also increase the number of capillaries open to blood …show more content…
Haldane effect reflects the greater ability of reduced hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin and to buffer H+ by combining with it. As it turns out, if we relied only on the oxygen that was dissolved in the plasma of the blood, there wouldn't be enough oxygen for our needs. Luckily, we can pack the blood with lots more oxygen due to the presence of hemoglobin our red blood cells. Of all the oxygen in our blood, only about 2% of it is dissolved, the other 98% is attached to hemoglobin. Our ability to fully oxygenate the blood depends on our ability to load up the hemoglobin with oxygen. Once the blood circulates to the tissues, the oxygen has to Unbind from the hemoglobin so it can diffuse into the tissues. So what makes the Oz bind to the hemoglobin in the lungs and then Unbind from it in the tissues? Well, the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin depends on the PO2: where the PO2 is high, O2 will bind to the hemoglobin (Po2 is high in the lungs); where the Po2 is low, the hemoglobin will let go of the O2 (in the tissues, the tissues are using up the O2 and so Po2 there is low, - 40