There are many organic substances that have identical molecular formulas but are completely different compounds. Consider the molecular formula C2H6O. There are two compounds that correspond to this formula: ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether. While the molecular formula gives no clue as to which compound one may be referring, examination of the structural formula immediately reveals a different arrangement of atoms for these substances. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are termed isomers. In this lab exercise, you will determine the different isomers for various alkane…
Chromatography is also used to compare and describe chemical substances. The chromatographic sequence of sorbed substances is related to their atomic and molecular structures. A change in a chemical substance produced by a chemical or biological reaction often alters the solubility and migration rate. With this knowledge, alterations or changes can be detected in the substance.…
5.Isomers are compounds made up of the same number of atoms and the same type of elements but configured differently, giving them different functions. There are 3 types of isomers, 1. Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their bonds. 2. Geometric isomers have different arrangement around a double bond due to the double bond’s inflexibility for atoms to rotate around it. 3. Enantiomers isomers are mirror images of each other due to the arrangement of atoms around an asymmetric carbon atom.…
b. A totally new chemical can be derived from molecular manipulation of a drug that is already in use. An isomer is a drug that has the same chemical formula…
2. Pharmaceuticals- important because often one of the isomer is not as effective or could produce harmful effects (thalidomide)…
3. Define structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers. SI-have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangement of atoms. GI- have the same covalent partnerships but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond. E- Molecules that are mirror images of each other.…
1. This name describes the chemical structure of the drug and is generally not used due to its long and complicated name. Answer A…
3. Scientists seeking to determine which molecule is responsible for the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next knew that the molecule must (1) copy itself precisely, (2) be stable but able to be changed, and (3) be complex enough to determine the organism’s phenotype.…
References: James, S., Kinnear, T., & Deighan, M. (2012). The PharmaSim Manual. Retrieved from http://schools.interpretive.com/fsui/index.php?token=1…
The OTC brand name that I chose for this assignment is Vick’s NyQuil Cold & Flu. The generic version I am comparing this to, is Equaline nighttime cold & flu relief, which is the Albertson’s generic version. Both Vick’s Nyquil Cold & Flu and Equaline nighttime cold & flu relief, have the same exact active ingredients. These ingredients include: acetaminophen (650mg), Dextromethorphan HBr (30mg), and Doxylamine succinate (12.5mg). The price of the brand named, Vick’s NyQuil was $9.99. The price for the albertson’s generic version, Equaline nighttime cold & flu relief was $3.99. Knowing that these over-the-counter medications contain the same active ingredients, I would spend less money and purchase the Equaline nighttime…
systems. So they have time to teach the more difficult molecular concepts, many teachers choose to…
The active ingredients in drugs and medicines can be isolated from a plants and animals or synthesized artificially.…
3. An understanding of how these fundamental chemical concepts can be applied to everyday life and to current problems of relevance in the world.…
Chemistry plays a huge and important role in society; Society depends on the accuracy and precision of measurements for products sold by the retail industry, such as a gallon of gasoline, a bushel of corn, or a liter of bottled water. These measurements have to be precise and accurate when it this relates to how farmers sell their products such as wheat, corn, milk, peanuts, and cotton, by weight and or in a bulk sale. Like food products gasoline, water, oil, and several other liquid goods are sold in quantity and if the measurements are not accurately sold per gallon then the United States government will not retain a profit from the barrel of gasoline, water, oil, and several other liquid goods that are purchased from other countries. Accuracy and precision are two important factors to consider when taking data measurements. Both accuracy and precision reflect how close a measurement is to an actual value, but accuracy reflects how close a measurement is to a known or accepted value, while precision reflects how reproducible measurements are, even if they are far from the accepted value. But before scientist can delivery any of these measurements, they need to go through the scientific method. The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions. Scientists use the scientific method to search for cause and effect relationships in nature. In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way. There are a few steps to follow on the scientific method to get the results that they want, and they are: ask questions, do background research, construct a hypothesis, test the hypothesis by doing an experiment, analyze the data and draw a conclusion, and last, communicate the results. But not only scientist use the scientific method,…
Chemistry is a base science that affects many other branches of science, such as forensics. Perform a chemical analysis just as a forensic scientist would with a potentially dangerous substance at a crime scene. To prepare, crush up aspirin to make a powder. Then collect other powders that resemble crushed up aspirin, such as sugar, salt and cornstarch or flour, so that you have four powders total. Mix these four powders into four different bowls of the same food, such as a macaroni or chili dish. Your goal is to determine which bowl has the aspirin powder inside of it. To do this, you must find substances that react with your four different powders and determine other ways to observe and differentiate between the powders. Methods of distinguishing between the four powders include appearance, smell, how the powders react to water and how the powders react to iron nitrate. You must investigate each substance to see how they react with other substances and develop a way to prove which is aspirin powder.…