Preview

pollen germination observations

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
732 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
pollen germination observations
Arushi Grover , Sheldon Fernandes, Jervis Fernandes, Lisha Almeida
Silvia Fernandes, Krisann Garrard.

The effect of Lead Toxicity on Pollen germination.

Received: 15th February 2012

Abstract:

Pollen obtained from the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, commonly known as the Hibiscus flower were exposed to different concentrations of Lead to understand the effect of heavy metal on pollen tube germination. Heavy metals such as Lead, have shown to decrease the pollen germination and inhibit pollen tube growth. There was a correlation observed between the concentration of lead the pollen was exposed to and the extent of growth inhibition observed. The effect of 20 ppm, 40ppm, 60ppm and 80 ppm lead on pollen tube germination were studied using light microscopy. A progressive decrease in the percentage of pollen germination indicated that higher levels of toxicity caused higher growth inhibitions.

Introduction:

Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. To a small extent they enter our bodies via food, drinking water and air. As trace elements, some heavy metals are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human body. However, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoning for human, animal, plant and microorganisms. Over the last decades, environmental contamination with heavy metals has increased drastically (Yasar Kiran, Ahmet Sahin 2005)
Heavy metals have recently received the attention of researchers all over the world, mainly due to their harmful effects on plant. The toxic effects of metals have also been intensively studied at the level of biochemical- physiological process such as photosynthesis, transpiration, enzyme activity or metal accumulation in tissue.
Pollen germination and tube growth are used to detect biological activity of various environmental pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, acid rain etc.
In this experiment we report the effect of different concentrations of

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Unit 5 Biology

    • 1810 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Phytoextraction (or phytoaccumulation) uses plants or algae to remove contaminants from soils, sediments or water into harvestable plant biomass (organisms that take larger-than-normal amounts of contaminants from the soil are called hyperaccumulators). Phytoextraction has been growing rapidly in popularity worldwide for the last twenty years or so. In general, this process has been tried more often for extracting heavy metals than for organics. At the time of disposal, contaminants are typically concentrated in the much smaller volume of the plant matter than in the initially contaminated soil or sediment. 'Mining with plants', or phytomining, is also being experimented with. The plants absorb contaminants through the root system and store them in the root biomass and/or transport them up into the stems and/or leaves. A living plant may continue to absorb contaminants until it is harvested. After harvest, a lower level of the contaminant will remain in the soil, so the growth/harvest cycle must usually be repeated through several crops to achieve a significant cleanup. After the process, the cleaned soil can support other vegetation.…

    • 1810 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Review Sheet 1

    • 620 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Through microscopic examination of pollen or spores, it is possible to identify a specific plant that produced that pollen or spore…

    • 620 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ely Mine

    • 1764 Words
    • 14 Pages

    The Ely Copper Mine was mined from 1821 to 1920 sporadically for copper and during this time it added trace elements and acid runoff to the streams and river around the mine. The mine sat idle for almost twenty years when in 1942 the mine was reopened during the war because metals like copper were needed (USGS United States Geological Survey, 2007). The Ely Copper Mine in Vershire, Vermont has throughout the years deposited heavy metals and has added acid mine drainage in abundance into the downstream river system. The mining of the copper has increased the amount of heavy metals in these streams that in turn create a problem called acid mine drainage or AMD. Sulfuric acid is created when metals such as aluminum, zinc, cadmium, and copper sulfides are mixed with oxygen and water (University of Vermont, 2009). This makes its way into the streams and rivers and can cause a threat not only to the ecosystem, but the aquatic system in which it is draining into. The damage and impact that can be created by this contamination can destroy an ecosystem. The destruction to aquatic organisms such as fish, and macro invertebrates can have lasting and permanent effects on the life of the stream or river. There are ways to lessen the bio-accessibility via abiotic and biotic remediation techniques. One is if the pH is lowered the bio-availability of the heavy metals will ease the stress and destruction of these pollutants. For this project we will attempt to discover ways for possible chemical remediation or phytoextraction.…

    • 1764 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Essential Trace ElementsAnthony L. JacksonBIO/350October 20, 2014Michelle GrayEssential Trace ElementsEveryone has their own beliefs on how the Earth was formed, and people can argue about it for hours or even days, but there is one thing that everyone can agree on is that all organisms are composed of matter. Matter is anything thing that takes up space. All organisms need some element to make them produce and to live healthy lives. There are two types of elements the essential and trace element. Essential elements are the elements organisms cannot live without like oxygen, and trace elements are elements that the organisms need just a small amount of to make sure that they function properly. In this paper, I will discuss at least three trace elements that can be within the ecosystem, and how they are introduce into the organism.…

    • 711 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    2) a) The accepted toxicity varies from metal to metal. The accepted toxic level of lead is 0.0012 parts per million, however it is not considered safe at any level. The environmental protection agency says that the maximum contaminant level for cadmium in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L. In soil it is said that the highest amount of cadmium that can be accepted in land is 85 mg/kg. For Mercury the accepted toxic level in aquatic systems in 1ppb…

    • 520 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Toxic metals such as lead in tableware, copper found in pans or zinc from galvanized kitchen items can make its way into food and cause toxic metal poisoning…

    • 1108 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    It is generally accepted that phytomining is greener than conventional mining practices. In environments with metal-contaminated soil, phytominers can recollect metal pollutants from the soil, thereby restoring the soil to health. Still, growingmass amounts of plants also takes a toll on the land used for cultivation. Industrial farming practices deplete the soil and overgrowing biocrops has the potential to permanently alter an area's ecology.…

    • 385 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    Autism Technical Report

    • 4034 Words
    • 17 Pages

    There is no way to avoid exposure to toxic chemicals and metals. Heavy metals are enriched in…

    • 4034 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    The last argument this article makes is if honeybees are using pesticide-infected pollen, then does that taint…

    • 637 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    the scientific method

    • 2341 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Agricultural scientists were concerned about the effect of air pollution, sulfur dioxide in particular, on soybean production in fields adjacent to coal-powered power plants. Based on initial investigations, they proposed that sulfur dioxide in high concentrations would reduce reproduction in…

    • 2341 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The difference in soil pH weighs a heavy measure on the appearance of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in different areas of soil. A highly acidic or highly alkaline soil may be the underlying reason for the absence of this earthworm in certain areas where pH plays a large role. In this experiment, soil pH was altered with Miracid—a soil acidifier and Agricultural Limestone—a soil correctional for acidic soil. This was done to test the effects pH would have on the living conditions of Lumbricus terrestris over a twenty-one day period. The experiment shows the fluctuation of numbers on a daily and weekly basis verifying the theory that the earthworm prefers a soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. In summary, this paper provides a three week synopsis of a closed experiment showing the preference of soil pH for the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.…

    • 2585 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Lead is harming our environment through pollution in our soil,water and even air supply. It can get into our water supply through our underground water piping systems. Lead is a natural radioactive element found in the Earth’s Crust. Lead is harming a plant's NPP can really change vegetation health, which could really affect the organisms consuming these plants. The Anacharis Elodea Densa Egeria is a plant that goes through photosynthesis, but lead affects this plants NPP.…

    • 497 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    According to a study conducted by Francisco, Cartea, Butrón, Sotelo, and Velasco, Brassica rapa plants grow best in high temperatures, and the metabolite substance regulates best in intense temperatures (2012). This paper explains an experiment in which the growth rate of Brassica rapa plants was studied based on watering the plants with different types of water. Deionized water and tap water were both used to water two different groups of the same plants. In a study conducted in Japan, tap water was treated with different minerals and then used to water Brassica rapa plants during their growth. The results of this study show that treated tap water greatly benefitted the plants growth (Ishikawa, Islam, Kazunori, Takeda, 2009).In a study conducted by Meeteren, Gelder, and Ieperen, tap water increased the fresh weight of cut chrysanthemum flowers placed in a vase and deionized water decreased the fresh weight (1999). Deionized water clearly has a negative effect on this specific plant, so the possibility of…

    • 338 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Pollination

    • 4370 Words
    • 18 Pages

    The pollination involves the transfer of pollen from male part of a plant, called stamen to the female part of the plant, known as carpel. This enables fertilization and sexual reproduction to occur. Pollen grains are contained within the pollen while the carpel contains the female gamete. In gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule. The receptive part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms while the receptive part of the gymnosperm ovule is called the micropyle. Pollination is essential in the reproduction of flowering plants to produce offspring that shows genetic variation.…

    • 4370 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Wind Pollination

    • 408 Words
    • 2 Pages

    | pollen very light and smooth - so it can be blown in the wind and stops it clumping together…

    • 408 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays