PLATO THE REPUBLIC
Sub areas of philosophy
Metaphysics – what is?
Epistemology – what can I know?
Ethics – what ought to be?
Logic- what is good reasoning?
Plato
Student of Socrates
There are no recorded teaching of Socrates
Plato three different periods- early middle and late
Middle- what is ethics and what is morality?
Morality- give back to what is due.
Is morality the following of a rule or is it something more involved?
Do you really achieve obedience by punishing?
Thrasymuchas- morality is whatever benefits the strongest.
The benefit isn’t to the expert but to the clients to which the experts help. For example the clients benefit from the lawyer.
We have to judge the expertise of the ruling.
The immoral person is never happy with anything.
Moral people can look back and say that they are ok with the person he/she is.
Chapter 2: The republic
Types of goods
1. Good for their own sake – intrinsic goods. Simple pleasures and enjoyments.
2. Goods desirable in themselves and in their consequences. Example: knowledge and sight.
3. goods only desirable in their consequences. – results. Examples: lottery ticket. Instrumental goods.
Morality is under number 2. Because he believes it’s the highest and best category of number two.
Glaucon tells a story about the ring of Gyges. There is an earthquake and he falls to the ground, Gyges goes into the ground and sees a cave. Inside this cave he sees a bronze horse. He peers into the window and sees a giant corpse that is without clothes. Except for a gold ring on his finger. This ring gives him the power to be invisible. He seduces the queen and kills the kings.
Purpose of the story is to capture the idea that if you could get away with it you wouldn’t be moral. TYPE 3 GOOD.
The story captures the reality of human nature that humans are self interested.
Glanucon Socrates appear really are 2 1 Moral
Metaphysics – what is?
Epistemology – what can I know?
Ethics – what ought to be?
Logic- what is good reasoning?
Plato
Student of Socrates
There are no recorded teaching of Socrates
Plato three different periods- early middle and late
Middle- what is ethics and what is morality?
Morality- give back to what is due.
Is morality the following of a rule or is it something more involved?
Do you really achieve obedience by punishing?
Thrasymuchas- morality is whatever benefits the strongest.
The benefit isn’t to the expert but to the clients to which the experts help. For example the clients benefit from the lawyer.
We have to judge the expertise of the ruling.
The immoral person is never happy with anything.
Moral people can look back and say that they are ok with the person he/she is.
Chapter 2: The republic
Types of goods
1. Good for their own sake – intrinsic goods. Simple pleasures and enjoyments.
2. Goods desirable in themselves and in their consequences. Example: knowledge and sight.
3. goods only desirable in their consequences. – results. Examples: lottery ticket. Instrumental goods.
Morality is under number 2. Because he believes it’s the highest and best category of number two.
Glaucon tells a story about the ring of Gyges. There is an earthquake and he falls to the ground, Gyges goes into the ground and sees a cave. Inside this cave he sees a bronze horse. He peers into the window and sees a giant corpse that is without clothes. Except for a gold ring on his finger. This ring gives him the power to be invisible. He seduces the queen and kills the kings.
Purpose of the story is to capture the idea that if you could get away with it you wouldn’t be moral. TYPE 3 GOOD.
The story captures the reality of human nature that humans are self interested.
Glanucon Socrates appear really are 2 1 Moral