Philosophy Study Notes: Pre Socratics

The pre-Socratic philosophers

Urstoff
Change
Soul
Connections to others
Anaximenes
Milesian- Ionia
Air
The condensation and rarefaction of air.
The soul is air. Hold us together
So air Encompass’s the world

Similar to Thales because he believed there’s a tangible source for everything
Anaximander
Milesian-Ionia
Indeterminate
(Primal matrix)
Believed our world was a multitude of worlds that evolved and dissolved into something infinite or boundless
The primary elements neither water nor any other so called element, but a nature different from them and infinite
Contemporary of Thales
Thales states, without reason why water is the cause of all things, Anaximander attempts to answer the question of how the world developed out of the primary element.
Pythagoras
Samos
Numbers
-Numbers combine and make things
-Transmigration of soul lead to soul culture
- Soul culture in favor of purifying the soul through things such as observing silence, music and using math.
- Soul principle order and life in body.
-Soul was real person
-Soul is harmony
-Contradicted Zeno because he said that points on a line can be measured.
Heraclitus
Ephesus
Fire
Everything is in a constant state of flux
Nature & Human condition are connected.
Soul as fiery in nature which is generated out of other substances just as fire is, has limited dimensions.
Drunkenness causes it to be most. Virtuous life keeps it dry & intelligent
-Disagreed with Parmenides because of change.
Parmenides
Elea
Monism
Change is impossible. Nothing can become what it already is.

-Disagreed with Heraclitus
Zeno
Elea
Change
Change is an illusion

Parmenides had reduced becoming to non-being and to illusion.
Attempted to prove just what exactly (Connection to others) is becoming.

Empedocles
Doric
Pluralist
Atheist
4 elements: Earth, Air, Water, Fire.
Love and Strife
Being is not born nor does it die.
It is eternal.
Root of things

Like Parmenides he admits