Paul Keating

CONTEXT

• Remembrance Day/ Armistice Day- 1993
• Republican debate- ALP- made Republicanism the party line in 1991 under Hawke
• May 1993- Republic Advisory Committee set up
• Mabo- 1992/ Native title- 1993
• Keating two year into PM role
PURPOSE
• Dual purpose:
-> commemorate those who have died and those who have served for Australia in field of conflict
-> political agenda- to unite, galvanise and forge new identity for Australia under Keating’s leadership-> for Australians to take up ‘subject position’ as Australian citizens guided by values embedded in ANZAC legend/ tradition.
AUDIENCE
• Australian public- those gathered and the ‘overhearing’ national and international audience-> future generations (www, Anzac Day celebrations)
IDEAS
IDEALS
CONCEPTS
ISSUES
VALUES

• Patriotism
• Duty
• Honour
• Sacrifice for the greater good- for ‘all of us’
• Citizenship
• Identity
• Memory/ commemoration
• Democracy
• Individuals not armies matter
• Ordinary people are the extraordinary
STRUCTURE/
CONSTRUCTION

• Developed through a series of contrasting ideas
• Contrast is balanced and unified through effective use of repetition of phraseology and syntax
• Individual becomes representational-> from the particular to the broader context (to achieve Keating’s dual purpose)
• Contrast :
-> Loss and gain
-> Unknown/ known
-> Ordinary/ not ordinary

RHETORICAL FEATURES/STRATEGIES

• Inclusivity- we, our, all of us
• Anonymity-> representational
• Conditional conjunctions-> shifts tone and focus-> advances speech to next phase
• Parallelism
• Simile/metaphor
• Unmodulated declarative
• Blend of informal and formal terminology-> sustains broad audience and creates culturally inclusive atmosphere
• Selective use of adjectival phrases- ‘free and independent spirits’, ‘courage and ingenuity in adversity’
• Selective us e of high and low modality
• Statistics
• Lexical chain of semi-religious and