Bibliography:
Bibliography:
Organizing police departments in a militaristic manner is a theory that contends to lessen corruption amongst the police officers within the department. Depending on how stringent the military model is followed, a police department could have a well functioning system or it could create quite the opposite and develop a department full of corruption, chaos, and mismanagement. Because a department uses the military as a model to develop itself, it does not mean that it is foolproof. Many factors outside of organizing can lead to a well-balanced department or a department as involved in crime as the criminals from which they swore to protect the public. Using a hierarchy of command in departments gives a sense of stability, it delegates responsibilities and it has a person who is…
American law enforcement organizations is hierarchal and it is a bureaucratic structure adopting ways of the military. The quasi-military structure found in police departments will emphasize the importance of specializations in task, duties, objectives, and responsibilities. Each level in the chain of command has specific authority and tasks to carry out. Historically speaking, Peel’s principles of a professional police organization can be seen in today’s philosophy of community-oriented policing (COP). Peel’s principles emphasized the following guidelines for a professional police organization: (1) a police mission statement and core values; (2) crime prevention; (3) respect or citizenry; (4) respect for the law; (5) minimizing the use of…
The history of the police agencies can be trace back to the 1630s, during this time the earliest colonists use the English style of policing. The civic duty for all citizens was “watch and ward” this offered no training or pay, it was the responsibility of the citizens to monitor the behavior of community members. Policing relied heavily on community consensus and the willingness of citizens to assist in capturing criminals (Wilbur, 2000). Sheriff’s Posses and constables were consisting of able-bodied men, because their service was liable. The collection of taxes and the supervision of election was the responsibility of the county sheriff. The night watchmen were in charge of looking out for suspicious activities and at times conducting weather reports (Wilbur, 2000).…
The para militarization movement started during the reform era to correct some of the issues that came to light throughout the political era. In order to professionalize policing the pendulum needed to swing from corruption to a structured environment and the military model was needed to correct some of the deficiencies of that era. Although the para militarization has a number of rational explanations for its implementation, there are a number of drawbacks or problems associated with it application.…
Police history plays a big role in today’s police stations today. When we think about policing we think about what we see on TV and all the police shows and movies that are all out now. But in reality it is not really like that. Policing dates all the way back to the early times with Great Britain and their soldiers they had to protect the queens and kings and protect society from thieves.…
In discussing the increasing militarization of police forces in the United States, historians have attempted to identify the origins and causes of this trend within various social, political, and economic contexts. Historians generally define police militarization as the process by which civilian police develop and display more militarized qualities in terms of ideology and practices.…
The United States received most of its policing ideas from Great Britain. During the 18th century, the idea of policing began its evolution. Individuals, clans, and families assumed the responsibility for taking revenge on any individual posing a threat, causing injury, or executing an offense. In one form or another, society dealt with any individual’s decision for committing a crime, even though no formal law enforcement agency existed. Prior to the early policing era, society designated specific individuals for maintaining security for each family, group, or clan. Some of the early forms of punishment during this period include branding, beating, or mutilating a criminal offender. These kinds of criminal disciplines progressed over time. For example, the Roman Empire maintained civil order with some kind of a military structure. This form of military policing ruled with an “iron-fist,” and used extreme measures for maintaining social law and order. During 1626, the city of New York founded the New York City Sheriff’s Office. This organization…
Throughout the history capital offenses, such as murder and rape have been a serious issue in the United States. The government has emplaced certain departments across the nation from the first formation of America, to combat the misconducts within the societies. Police officers are designated officials, in which carry out the order of law. Police departments have been broken down into categories of federal, state, and local police. Federal agents counteract the federal crimes, such as crimes…
In 1899 SWAT was formed under the private sector classification. In 1909, William Burns created an international detective agency (Ortmeier, 2012). Essentially these private agencies have been around as long as the public agencies in the United States. In today’s society, these private security…
Looking briefly at the history of the American police, the police force is structure based off the English boobies in the 18th century. Drawing heavily on English practice, the United States police force had a rocky start. “Crime-particularly crimes like murder, robbery, rape, and burglary…was rare in the earliest colonies…this was largely due to the fact that they were settles by small and fairly homogeneous groups…”(Vila page 2). Not only did the police force have little to now power or structure in the early years, but also they were not needed in the colonies. The first city to create a police department was the New York City in the 19th century.…
SWAT teams are increasingly being deployed across the country -- and it 's happening with almost no supervision. For nearly half a century, America’s police forces have undergone a process of “militarization.” They’ve upped their cache of assault weapons and military defense gear, increasingly deployed SWAT teams to conduct ops-style missions on civilians, and inculcated a warrior attitude within their rank. While major metropolitan areas have maintained SWAT teams for decades, by the mid 2000’s, 80 percent of small towns also had their own paramilitary forces. But beyond deep reporting of individual journalists and scholars, little is known about the extent of militarization across…
) Police are a “body of officers representing the civil authority of government.” (Banton) Police are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing and investigating any criminal activities. The existence of American law enforcement has been around since the first Europeans landed in North America. America inherited much of its government policies from Great Britain. “The first Europeans who landed on our shores, found a strange and wondrous new land, inhabited by strange and wondrous people. The newcomers had all they could do to establish themselves and to protect themselves from those who did not wish to share their land. Thus, policing was the responsibility of all able-bodied men, and, of course,…
Paramilitary policing has dramatically altered the relationship between the police and the general public. As stated previously, these feelings can cause a sense of unrest between the police and citizens they serve to protect. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, paramilitary is defined as “of, relating to, being, or characteristic of a force formed on a military pattern especially as a potential auxiliary military force.” By this definition, one can better understand the concern that surrounds the militarization of police officers in the United States. The public has begun to fear the police, rather than feel safe in their presence. The public feels threatened and/or attacked by police officers dressed in military grade clothing, sporting military grade weapons. Intimidation is also felt throughout society when they see police officers that resemble soldiers in military vehicles patrolling their…
Law enforcement and policing within the United States is one of the components that go into the criminal justice system within the United States. Law enforcement along with the criminal and civil courts and the corrections sections such as jails all come together to establish the criminal justice system we follow today. Even though our system is well established today as we know it, this fact wasn’t always so. It took some time to become familiar and aware of the changes that needed to take place. These changes being one taking the race factor out of the factor and implementing the same rights for all. Also another aspect was allowing minorities to become a part of the patrolling force as well as allowing women to become a part of the force. The police are meant to investigate suspected and apparent criminal activity. In addition to this factor they are also there to provide a service to be first responder for public safety.…
Policing started in the Colonial America in the 1630 's; it was something that all people took part in, and there was no pay involved at all. People of the community handled watching everyone and their behaviors. Crime started to increase and at this time towns started to form and the southern colonies began developing a system of circuit sheriff. In the 1840 's in Metropolitan America, the focus shifted to crime prevention rather than detection and punishment. At this time, it was also determined that police officers should wear a uniform, and they also started paying police officers. There was a police officer available twenty-four hours a day. At this point in history, crime was out of hand and very difficult to control. The high influx of crimes made it essential to have more active and effective policing efforts. In the 1840 's in Frontier America violent crimes escalated and there was no law to fall back on. United States Marshalls in Frontier America only enforced federal laws, and they were publically appointed without pay. Professionalism in the 1920 's on the actual law enforcement and controlling the crime. At this point and time, the police started to be divided into specialized groups such as juvenile units and drug units. The police force started to utilize skills such as science to improve investigations. Vollmer was a key player in the 1920 's who helped my huge advance such as utilizing red lights on the vehicles,…