Organic Molecules Lab

Ellen Grant
Honors Bio I
Organic Compounds
Problems and Objectives: The purpose of this lab was to select the suitable test for an organic molecule and define the safe process for that test. An organic molecule is normally found in or produced by living systems. (Unknown Author, 2014, www.biology-online.org/organic_molecule)In this lab one was supposed to infer the results of the test and be able to identify if major biomolecules are present. You were to analyze a variety of tests including analyzing a glucose solution for the presence of simple reducing sugars, analyzing a sample of vegetable oil for the presence of lipids, analyzing a sample of gelatin for the presence of protein, and analyzing an unknown sample to determine the presence
Most of the common molecules in living organisms fit in four classes of carbon containing molecules, which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates occur in foods and living tissues, and contain hydrogen and oxygen with the same ratio as water. The ratio 1:2:1. Lipids are basically fats. They are unable to be dissolved in water or any liquid but can dissolve in organic solvents. The configuration of cells are composed of a variety of chemical molecules. Cell metabolism involved the construction and obliteration of numerous diverse sorts of molecules. (Packet, Crafton 2014) Proteins are highly varied organic molecules establishing a large percentage of the mass of every organism. Proteins are an essential nutrient in the diet of animals and other non-photosynthesizing organisms. Lastly, nucleic acids are long macromolecules, can be DNA or various types of RNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and they transfer genetic information. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, and it is complimentary to the DNA strand. RNA is almost identical to DNA except for the replacement of the sugar ribose for deoxyribose. (Unknown Author, Dictionary.com
Hypothesis C: If you drop water and corn oil on brown litmus paper, then the water will semi-transparent and the corn oil will not because the corn oil is a thicker substance.
Hypothesis D: If you have ethanol in one test tube and water in another, and you add oil to each, then the oil will be solvent in the ethanol but not in the water.
Hypothesis E: If you have three test tubes with gelatin in one, glucose solution in another, and water in the third, and you add Bieuret reagent into each, then the gelatin will change color.
Hypothesis F1: If you add Benedict’s solution to the urine sample and boil it, then it will change color, indicating that glucose is present.
Hypothesis F2: If you add iodine to the urine sample, then it will turn color, stating that there is a starch present.
Hypothesis F3: If you add Biuret’s solution to the patient’s urine sample, then it will change color, meaning a protein, or child, is present.
Hypothesis F4: If you put a drop of the urine sample on a small piece of brown sample and another drop of water to compare, then both will be semi-transparent because no kidney stones will be