Ocb- Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, Vol. 90, No. 6, 1241–1255
Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 0021-9010/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1241
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Reeshad S. Dalal
Purdue University
Job performance is increasingly being seen to encompass constructs such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). To clarify the OCB–CWB relationship, a meta-analysis was conducted. Results indicate a modest negative relationship ( 0.32). The relationship strength did not increase appreciably when the target of the behavior (the organization vs. other employees) was the same. Moreover, OCB and CWB exhibited somewhat distinct patterns of relationships with antecedents. The OCB–CWB relationship was moderated by the source of the ratings, the presence of antithetical items, and the type of response options. An employee-centric perspective is proposed whereby both OCB and CWB are perceived as adaptive behavior. Implications for organizations are discussed. Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior, meta-analysis, deviant behavior, job performance
Job performance is so important to industrial– organizational (I/O) psychology that it is often simply referred to as “the criterion.” The traditional view restricts the performance space to what Borman and Motowidlo (1997) call task performance—that is, “the effectiveness with which job incumbents perform activities that contribute to the organization’s technical core” (p. 99). Although it has long been recognized that job performance is multidimensional (Austin & Villanova, 1992; Schmidt & Kaplan, 1971), only more recently has the research literature (e.g., Borman & Motowidlo, 1993, 1997; Campbell, 1990; Organ & Paine, 1999) acknowledged the role of employee work behaviors that fall outside the rubric of task
Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 0021-9010/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1241
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Reeshad S. Dalal
Purdue University
Job performance is increasingly being seen to encompass constructs such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). To clarify the OCB–CWB relationship, a meta-analysis was conducted. Results indicate a modest negative relationship ( 0.32). The relationship strength did not increase appreciably when the target of the behavior (the organization vs. other employees) was the same. Moreover, OCB and CWB exhibited somewhat distinct patterns of relationships with antecedents. The OCB–CWB relationship was moderated by the source of the ratings, the presence of antithetical items, and the type of response options. An employee-centric perspective is proposed whereby both OCB and CWB are perceived as adaptive behavior. Implications for organizations are discussed. Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior, meta-analysis, deviant behavior, job performance
Job performance is so important to industrial– organizational (I/O) psychology that it is often simply referred to as “the criterion.” The traditional view restricts the performance space to what Borman and Motowidlo (1997) call task performance—that is, “the effectiveness with which job incumbents perform activities that contribute to the organization’s technical core” (p. 99). Although it has long been recognized that job performance is multidimensional (Austin & Villanova, 1992; Schmidt & Kaplan, 1971), only more recently has the research literature (e.g., Borman & Motowidlo, 1993, 1997; Campbell, 1990; Organ & Paine, 1999) acknowledged the role of employee work behaviors that fall outside the rubric of task
References: Appendix Adaptation of Results of Previous Meta-Analyses Details are provided below about the adaptation, for the present study, of results from the following previous meta-analyses: LePine, Erez, and Johnson (2002) Received December 22, 2003 Revision received November 22, 2004 Accepted January 7, 2005