Nervous System Vs Neuron

Nervous System: an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body. Neuron: the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and sends messages within that system. Dendrites: branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons. Soma: the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. Axon: tubelike structure that carries the neural message. Glial cells grey fatty cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead neurons, influence information processing, and, during prenatal development, influence the generation of new neurons. Myelin:
Resting potential: the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse. Action potential: the release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon. Axon terminals branches at the end of the axon synaptic knob rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals. Synaptic vesicles saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals. Neurotransmitter chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, has an effect on the next cell. Synapse (synaptic gap) microscopic fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell. Receptor sites holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters. Excitatory synapse synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire. Inhibitory synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing. Reuptake process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles. Spinal cord a long bundle of neurons that carries messages between the body and the brain and is responsible for very fast, lifesaving
Somatic nervous system division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands. Sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system) part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal. Parasympathetic division part of the ANS that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the organs and glands. Medulla the first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for Life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate. Limbic system a group of several brain structures located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation. Cortex outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input. Cerebral hemispheres the two