Neoclassical Period
Neoclassical Period
The age of reason
What was life like in this period? * Religious fundamentalism * Newspapers * Concerts * Public parks * Insurance * Post office * Shopkeepers * Respected politeness and restraint * Feared enthusiasm * England was about to become Great Britain (1707) * Imperial grandeur * Wealthy, powerful, scientific development * considered themselves the new leading country (the new roman empire) * Also vicious: poor, criminals, aliens * Succesful, stable unhappy, divided * People had leisure time * Emergence of “public sphere” * Newspapers * Pamphlets * Coffee-houses * Political and social clubs
Enlightenment * Increased reverence for logic and reasoning * “Have the courage to use your common sense!” * What does this painting tell us about enlightenment?
Science
* New authority: replaced authority of church * Empirical evidence: Proof! * Natural history * Astronomy * Chemistry * Popular! * Sir Isaac Newton: * studied fields of mathematics, optics and gravitation (astronomy): apple story * Proves that the universe is designed according to rational principles * basis of physics * Epitaph:
Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night;
God said, Let Newton be! And all was light
How did these inventions affect religion? * Clear proof provided by science erased superstitions * Reason could uncover the rules that unerlay the chaos of the human and material world * Natural Religion: a movement that wanted to prove the existence of God
Philosophy * John Locke: * How do we know what we know? * Tabula Rasa (Blank Slate): * Knowledge is based on experience * Seperation of state and religion * Father of Liberalism: * liberty of the individual and equal rights
* David
The age of reason
What was life like in this period? * Religious fundamentalism * Newspapers * Concerts * Public parks * Insurance * Post office * Shopkeepers * Respected politeness and restraint * Feared enthusiasm * England was about to become Great Britain (1707) * Imperial grandeur * Wealthy, powerful, scientific development * considered themselves the new leading country (the new roman empire) * Also vicious: poor, criminals, aliens * Succesful, stable unhappy, divided * People had leisure time * Emergence of “public sphere” * Newspapers * Pamphlets * Coffee-houses * Political and social clubs
Enlightenment * Increased reverence for logic and reasoning * “Have the courage to use your common sense!” * What does this painting tell us about enlightenment?
Science
* New authority: replaced authority of church * Empirical evidence: Proof! * Natural history * Astronomy * Chemistry * Popular! * Sir Isaac Newton: * studied fields of mathematics, optics and gravitation (astronomy): apple story * Proves that the universe is designed according to rational principles * basis of physics * Epitaph:
Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night;
God said, Let Newton be! And all was light
How did these inventions affect religion? * Clear proof provided by science erased superstitions * Reason could uncover the rules that unerlay the chaos of the human and material world * Natural Religion: a movement that wanted to prove the existence of God
Philosophy * John Locke: * How do we know what we know? * Tabula Rasa (Blank Slate): * Knowledge is based on experience * Seperation of state and religion * Father of Liberalism: * liberty of the individual and equal rights
* David