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Chapter 13 covers Europe’s social and political order from 1600-1715. In the early century, inflation was such that prices were four times what they had been between 1525 and 1550. Three great powers contested for dominance – the Ottoman Empire, the Spanish Empire, and France, under Louis XIV and Richelieu. Each had a mass of about 17 million people. In spite of the presence of these great monarchies, there were still areas all over Europe from southern Italy to Scandinavia and from Scotland to Auvergne where primitive social enclaves persisted, with hundreds of dialects and local, semi barbaric, religious cults. Attempted control of these numerous pockets sapped the resources of the great powers, similar to the drain on the Roman Empire when it was ringed with…
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The Black Death, also known as the “Great Pestilence” to the people of medieval Europe, was a pandemic that was estimated to have killed off thirty to sixty…
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2 - What were some of the changes that took place in Europe between the years 1000 and 1492, and why did those changes lead to European exploration and overseas expansion? During the eleventh and fourteenth century, Europe had radical social and economic issues. The old-fashioned world which was extremely regulated society was totally feudalism, during which all of the people had their place and responsibilities. The manorial system, in which the lords owned all the land worked by their serfs, began to decline in the late Middle Ages with the growth of nation-states.…
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1. What were the 'disasters' that Europe suffered during the fourteenth century, and what were their consequences? (Short Answer). There were many disasters during the fourteenth century for instance, The Black Death and the revolts and repression, The Hundred Years War, The Babylonian Captivity, and The Great Schism all of which lead to many consequences.…
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History reveals the mid-14th century as a very unfortunate time for Europe. It was during this period when the continent became afflicted by a terrible plague. The source of the pathogen is known today as bubonic but was colloquially known as “The Black Death” to Europeans of the day. The plague caused a tremendous number of deaths and was a catalyst of change, severely impacting Europe’s cultural, political and religious institutions.…
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The “Black Death” was one of the most diseases in the world, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people, in total, the plague may have reduced the world population. This disease spread around northern and southern Europe. From there, it was carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats and insert into passenger’s DNA on merchant ships. On October 1347, the Black Death arrived in Europe when twelve trading ships docked Sicilian port after a sealing across the Black Sea, later, the sailors aboard the ship dead or very ill. This is how the Black Death was created that lead estimated to have killed 30–60% of Europe's total population. The Black Death killed more Europeans than any other, even wars at the time,…
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Around 1339 in northwestern Europe, the population was beginning to outgrow the food supply and a severe economic crisis began to take place. The winters were extremely cold and the summers were dry. Due to this extreme weather, very low crops yielded and those that grew were dying. Inflation became a common occurrence and as famine broke out, people began to worry. The time period of approximately 1339 to 1346 is now known as the famine before the plague (history). These seven bad years of weather and famine lead to the greatest plague of all times. In 1347, endemic to Asia, The Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe. Over the time of three years, the plague killed one third of the population in Europe with roughly twenty five million people dead (bbc.co). The Black Death killed more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, greatly impacting the Church, family life, and the economy. These three social pillars were changed forever.…
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The Black Death or the bubonic plague was one of the most deadly disease of our time. The Black Death took place between 1348 and 1351. It killed about one third to one half of the population in Europe. It only liked warm weather; therefore it would die out in the winter, but come back strong in the summer. When it would infect a victim it would only take a matter of days to kill him or her. The Black Death would kill so many people so fast that they would dig big pits and put all the dead in a hole in the ground, cover them with some dirt, and then bless them. (Ole J. Benedictow) They would put a little thin layer of dirt in between the layers of people. The Black Death would not have been as destructive if people didn’t try to flee from the…
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The Black Death was one of the deadliest and most impactful events that the world has ever witnessed. It is believed that the plague originated in Asia and it began to spread to other parts of the world around 1345 to 1346 when the plague struck water for the first time. Supposedly, this happened when Yanibeg, a khan of the Golden Horde, which was a part of the Mongol Empire, began catapulting the bodies of plague victims over its walls into the Black Sea. Once the plague hit the Black Sea, there was no hope of stopping it from its inevitable onslaught. The Genoese and Mediterranean coastline now laid open to an attack from the disease. The Black Death began to spread all over the world, but it did most of its damage throughout Europe. By the end of the fourteenth century, Europe had lost nearly half of its total population that it contained prior to the plague. However, the plague brought more consequences than just widespread death. The economy and social structure of Europe would…
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The article “Black Death and Sin” states, “In Western Europe, common folks were more inclined to rebellion. With labor in short supply they were aware of their added value as producers and eager to improve their situation. In response to rising wages, authorities started to fix wages at a low level – the opposite of a minimum wage. Hostility toward employers and authorities increased. Peasants and other workers tried to dodge these impositions. Peasants called for a reduction in service obligations. In cities, workers rose against the wealthy merchants who had been running city hall. Peasants and workers revolted in Spain, the Netherlands, southern Germany, Italy, and England.” This is saying that because of the disease, people were not happy. People such as laborers were in much higher demand, so many started to say that they needed to be payed much more to support there families. In response, the authorities in many European countries set something similar to a maximum wage; a pay limit that no workers of any calibur can be payed more than. As you can imagine, this led to many revolts by workers saying that this was unfair treatment. They started to say that if they were getting payed less, then they were going to work less, too. This meant that things were not getting done, which made people even more upset. Then the people who were not doing anything were saying, “if they payed us more, we would do it!” This lead to many people attacking the authorities and business owners, blaming them for things not hetting done. This issue went on for years after the Death, and caused many of the nations such as the Netherland’s economies to plumit. This was a very bad thing for the continent of Europe, which suffered for decades after the horrid…
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The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, or the Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population of Europe during its reign in the 13th and 14th centuries. The arrival of this plague set the scene for years of strife and heroism. Leaving the social and…
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Around 1347 in Western Europe, an Asia epidemic, The Black Death became widely spread through frequent trading with infected cities. In three years’ time, one third or about twenty-five millions of Europe’s population was killed by the plague. The Black Death victims were susceptible to contracting the plague due the seven year famine that occurred directly before the outbreak. Shortage of food, caused by extreme weathers that prevented crop growth, weakened the population’s immunity to deadliest disease in history (Last, John M., 122-123).…
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The plague changed Medieval Europe and infected a lot of people and most of them were peasants. The farmers lost a lot of peasants, however it did not mean that the work the wealthy farmers had to do was less.. They still had a huge amount of work to do with less workers. A lot of people rebelled and none of them…
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The Black Death, or Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. It began in south-western Asia and spread to Europe by the late 1340s, where it received its name Black Death. The total number of deaths worldwide from the pandemic are estimated at least 75 million people. The Black Death is estimated to have killed between a third and two-thirds of Europe's population.…
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The bubonic plague struck Europe with an iron fist, leaving destruction and mayhem wherever it went. The disease was easily spread, and became catastrophic during The Middle Ages. In the fourteenth century, Europe was struck by a massive wave of bubonic plague resulting in the death of nearly one third of the continent’s population (britanica encyclopedia). Many factors contributed to the Black Death pandemic; the bacterium travelled from Asia to Europe using rodents as the host, resulting in streets lined with plague. The poor living conditions and lack of proper waste disposal was a key contributor to the spreading of The Plague. Medical techniques of the time were very limited and were based off obsolete medical ideology and little successful research was conducted to support new medical treatments. The lack of proper sanitation during The…
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