Madeleine Leininger's Cultural Care Diversity And Universality Theory
Nursing theory combines four common elements: the client, health, environment and nursing. Nursing theory guides nursing decisions and actions to explain a phenomenon and to give the appropriate care to a client. Madeleine Leininger incorporates all of these elements in her cultural care diversity and universality theory. She theorized and researched the importance of recognizing the client’s cultural differences and incorporating this knowledge along with caring in the client’s care. The goal of Madeleine Leininger’s cultural care diversity and universality theory is “to improve and provide care which is culturally acceptable and is beneficial and useful to the client and family” (McCance, 1999, p. 1390). In Leininger’s cultural
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26). It also provides the nurse with “culturally congruent nursing care to persons of diverse cultures” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 26, cited in Leininger 1988a). Leininger uses ethno nursing research “to discover ways to obtain accurate credible, confirmable, and meaningful data which reflects mainly the informant’s cultural life ways and insights about health and well-being” (Leininger 2009). It is important for the nurse to understand the client’s health beliefs related to disease or illness. This will help the nurse develop appropriate questions for the client during the assessment. In order to implement the sunrise model in practice, it is crucial to interact with the client with an open mind and learn about their lifestyles and culture from them. Leininger does not view environment “as central” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 17). Instead she prefers to use the term “environmental context” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 17). Leininger believes that the phrase environmental context incorporates a more holistic view of the environment for the client. Environmental context involves not only the current environment but also “the totality of human existence in different kinds of sociocultural and psychophysical environments” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 17). Understanding the client’s environment will help the nurse better approach the client’s
26). It also provides the nurse with “culturally congruent nursing care to persons of diverse cultures” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 26, cited in Leininger 1988a). Leininger uses ethno nursing research “to discover ways to obtain accurate credible, confirmable, and meaningful data which reflects mainly the informant’s cultural life ways and insights about health and well-being” (Leininger 2009). It is important for the nurse to understand the client’s health beliefs related to disease or illness. This will help the nurse develop appropriate questions for the client during the assessment. In order to implement the sunrise model in practice, it is crucial to interact with the client with an open mind and learn about their lifestyles and culture from them. Leininger does not view environment “as central” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 17). Instead she prefers to use the term “environmental context” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 17). Leininger believes that the phrase environmental context incorporates a more holistic view of the environment for the client. Environmental context involves not only the current environment but also “the totality of human existence in different kinds of sociocultural and psychophysical environments” (Reynolds, 1993, p. 17). Understanding the client’s environment will help the nurse better approach the client’s