Low Back Pain Case Studies

INTRODUCTION
Low back pain can be caused by several pathological entities and its perception can be altered by external and psychosocial factors. The large number of patients complaining about lumbar pain and its consequent impact are startling medical organizations to rethink not only the anatomical pathology, but also other topics that may influence or attenuate the clinical presentation, such as psychological factors, litigation, social and work status, and other secondary gains. 1,2
Back pain has been associated with elevated mental health comorbidity, as depressive episodes, psychosis diagnosis, anxiety, sleep disturbance and high levels of stress. 3 Although, low back pain not only acts on mental and behavior status, it can also affect the ability of a patient to work, creating both financial and emotional problems within a home. 4 Literature already have shown that psychosocial factors can influence the clinical presentation and the outcome of elective spine surgery. 1,5–10,61
Presurgical analyses have been
For the surgeon, it may be demanding to consider all criteria, and even if it is done, spinal surgeons can fail to detect these distresses.32 The efforts on developing a presurgical screening aim to point out the psychosocial risk in a comprehensive and independent way to the surgeon.