Preview

Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Adolescent Boys and Girls

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3606 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Adolescent Boys and Girls
Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Adolescent Boys and Girls
Undra Parker
Wayland Baptist University

Abstract
Parental divorce can result in devastating effects on children. These children suffer tremendous long-term consequences as a result of an event that is not their doing. This paper reviews literature and opinions concerning the long-term effects of divorce on adolescents. The paper outlines four major areas of interest: aggression as a result of parental conflict and the different types associated with boys and girls, depression in the lives of boys and girls in its various forms, the choice boys and girls make to marry or not later in life and the possibility of adolescents expressing parental alienation. The results of this study show that these adolescent boys and girls are affected by their parents divorce in all these areas. In addition to presenting the different findings, the paper will help parents, community workers and others that work with children of divorced parents better understand the importance these long-term effects has on adolescents.

Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Adolescent Boys and Girls
There is much interest among clinicians, researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and the community concerning the effects of divorce on children [ (Amato, 2001) ]. When children are involved in a divorce it can cause the child to have poor educational success, psychological suffering, misbehavior with the increased possibility of recidivism, substance abuse, sexual activity, depression, and suicidal tendency [ (Dreman, 2000; Portnoy S. M., 2008; Wauterickx, Gouwy, & Bracke, 2006; Kelly & Emery, 2003; Bulduc, Caron, & Logue, 2007) ]. Children of divorced parents, according to Portnoy [ (2008, p. 127) ], “exhibits particularly difficulties in their adult intimate relationships, including lower levels of marital satisfaction, more marital discord, more thoughts of divorce and more divorce.” Research supports the philosophy that



References: Amato, P. R. (2001). Children of Divorce in the 1990s: An Update of the Amato and Keith (1991) Meta-Analysis. Journal of Family Psychology , 15 (3), 355-370, doi: 1O.1O37//O893-320O.15.3.355. Baker, A. L. (2005). The Long-Term Effects of Parental Alienation on Adult Children: A Qualitative Research Study. American Journal of Family Therapy , 33 (4), 289-302, doi: 10.1080/01926180590962129. Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Bulduc, J. L., Caron, S. L., & Logue, M. E. (2007). The effects of Parental Divorce on College Students. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 46 (3/4), 83-104. doi: 10.1300/J087v46n03_06. Cappella, E., & Weinstein, R. (2006). The Prevention of Social Aggression Among Girls. Social Development , 15 (3), 434-462, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00350.x. Chrisie-Mizell, C. A. (2003). Bullying: The Consequences Interparental Discord and Child 's Self-Concept. Family Process , 42 (2), 237-251. Çivitci, N., Çivitci, A., & Fiyakali, N. C. (2009). Loneliness and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents with Divorced and Non-Divorced Parents. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice , 9 (2), 513-525. Cummings, E. M., Goeke-Morey, M. C., & Papp, L. M. (2004). Everyday Marital Conflict and Child Aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 32 (2), 191-202. D’Onofrio, B. (2008). Divorce, Dads, and the Well-Being of Children. Center for Marriage and Families , 12, 1-6. Dreman, S. (2000). The Influence of Divorce on Children. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 32 (3/4), 41-71. Erwin, C. L. (2006). The Everything Parent 's Guide to Raising Boys: A Complete Handbook to Develop Confidence, Promote Self-Esteem, and Improve Communication (2nd ed.). Avon: Adams Media, and F & W Publications Company. Glied, S., & Pine, D. S. (2002). Consequences and Correlates of Adolescent Depression. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 156, 1009-1014. Hines, M. T. (2007). Adolescent Adjustment to The Middle School Transition: The Intersection of Divorce and Gender in Review. Research in Middle Level Education Online , 31 (2), 1-15. Kelly, J. B., & Emery, R. E. (2003). Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives. Family Relations , 52 (4), 352-362. Merrell, K. W., Buchanan, R., & Tran, O. K. (2006). Relational Aggression in Children and Adolescents: A Review With Implications For School Settings. Psycholoy in the Schools , 43 (3), 345-360, doi: 10.1002/pits.20145. Moné, J. G., & Biringen, Z. (2006). Perceived Parent-Child Alienation: Empirical Assessment of Parent-Child Relationships Within Divorced and Intact Families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 45 (3/4), 131-156, doi: 10.1300/J087v45n03-07. Myers, D. G. (2008). Explorying psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Neale, B., & Flowerdew, J. (2007). New Structures, New Agency: The Dynamics of Child-Parent Relationships After Divorce. International Journal of Children’s Rights 15 (2007) 25–42 , 15 (1), 25-42, doi: 10.1163/092755607X185546. Portnoy, S. M. (2008). The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer’s Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children. American Journal of Family Law , 21 (4), 126-134. Portnoy, S. M. (2006). The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer 's Primer: Part 1—The Effects of Divorce on Adults. American Journal of Family Law , 20 (2), 73-79. Pryor, J. E., & Pattison, R. (2007). Adolescents ' Perceptions of Parental Conflict: The Downside of Silence. Journal of Family Studies , 13 (1), 72-77. Sarrazin, J., & Cyr, F. (2007). Parental Conflicts and Their Damaging Effects on Children. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 47 (1/2), 77-93. doi: 10.1300/J087v47n01_05. Schmidtgall, K., King, A., Zarski, J. J., & Cooper, J. E. (2000). The Effects of Parental Conflict on Later Child Development. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 33 (1/2), 149-157. Storksen, I., Roysamb, E., Holmen, T. L., & Tambs, K. (2006). Adolescent Adjustment and Well-Being: Effects of Parental Divorce and Distress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 47 (1), 75–84, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00494.x. Svigguin, G. (2000). How children view their parents divorce. Family Matters , 55, 62-67. Valimohammadi, S. (2007). Are Two Parents Really Better Than One? Journal of Contemporay Legal Issues , 16 (1), 9-13. Wauterickx, N., Gouwy, A., & Bracke, P. (2006). Parental Divorce and Depression: Long-Term Effects on Adult Children. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 45 (3/4), 43-68. doi:10.1300/J087v45n03_03. Wolfinger, N. H. (2003). Parental Divorce and Offspring Marriage: Early or Late? Social Forces , 82 (1), 337-353. Wolfinger, N. H. (2005). Understanding The Divorce Cycle: The Children of Divorce in Their Own Marriages. New York: Cambridge University Press.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Obviously, there is demise in the relationship between the parents, but the relationships directly with the children are now critical and must be recognized and supported. Additional apparent stresses upon such relationships are economic, concerns of loyalty, parental conflict, and the previous level of nurturance prior to divorce. Children often feel they are caught in the middle of their parent’s conflict (Gilman, Schneider & Shulak, 2005). Children living with parents who seek to contain and/or resolve their conflicts, will fare much better over the course of time than children who live in the midst of parental conflict( Gilman, Schneider & Shulak, 2005). At the same time, children who continue a warm and loving relationship with parents and feel that their parents understand their experience will also fare better than children who have a less nurturing relationship with their parents (Gilman, Schneider & Shulak,…

    • 900 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Each year, over 1 million children suffer the divorce of their parents. The number of children whose parents divorced grew by 700 percent from 1900 to 1972 (Davis). This increase, however, must be considered in connection with the increase in population. In the six years from 1900 to 1906 alone, population, as estimated, increased 10.5 % and divorces 30.3%. It appears that at the end of the six-year period that divorces were increasing about three times as fast as the population. However, in 1900, children of divorced parents were an oddity. Today they are the majority. That, in fact, may make divorce easier on the children today than the children of the yesteryears. Now, it is much more likely that they will have friends, mentors, and other family members, and even media that can relate to the situation at home, while most children of divorced families in 1900 only had themselves to see it through. All in all, children today have better means of adaptation to divorce than the children of 1900.…

    • 725 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    2. Amato R. and Bruce, K. 1991. "Parental Divorce and the Well-Being of Children: A Meta-Analysis", Psychological Bulletin, 110 (1): 26-53.…

    • 3093 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Parents are often told to “think about the children.” Doctor Judith S. Wallerstein, the Executive Director of the Center for the Family in Transition, California, stated in her scholarly journal : “A comprehensive review of research from several disciplines regarding long-term effects of divorce on children yields a growing consensus that significant numbers of children suffer for many years from psychological and social difficulties associated with continuing and/or new stresses within the post-divorce family and experience heightened anxiety in forming enduring attachments at later developmental stages including young adulthood.” In this, Wallerstein is making the claim that divorce effects children so deeply that they suffer from stress, anxiety, and psychological and social difficulties. While these have been common results, divorce is sometimes in the well-being of all family members. If parents argue often, disrupting and terrifying children, (especially if young) then separating would relieve family members from the anxiety that arguments and fighting cause. Robert E. Emery, a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Center for Children, Families, and the Law, Virginia, claims experts are often confused on the true effects of divorce on children. In his article, he includes children whose parents’ marriage “was full of intense conflict and…

    • 1392 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cited: Berlin, Gordon “Mdrc Publications” The Effects of Marriage and Divorce on Families and Children 5, May 2004. Web. 25, June 2013…

    • 1047 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Every year, over one million children in the U.S. have to deal with the hardships of their parents getting a divorce, and almost all these divorces involve the children being under 18 years of age. Divorce impacts everyone involved, but more so the children. Divorce can have an abundantly negative effect on the child’s life, and it can cause problems from the beginning of the divorce and continues on into the times ahead. Some of these effects of divorce on children include: A greater chance of getting divorced in the future, poor social skills and suffering emotionally as well as academically.…

    • 373 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Perhaps no other area in the social sciences inspires as much debate as the issue of parents getting divorced. While many marriages end in divorce and any such breakup of the marital union is understood to be a challenging and emotional event for anyone and everyone involved. Researchers are particularly interested in how divorce affects any children in the family. This effect has been the source of much controversy, as major studies in the past decade have found results are sometimes in direct opposition to each other. Even the methods used to conduct these studies is sometimes leaves suffering families confused and wondering who they should listen to.…

    • 927 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Wallerstein, J., Lewis, J., & Blakeslee, S. (2000). The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study. New York: Delacorte Press.…

    • 1722 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Jann Blackstone-Ford and Sharyl Jupe discuss divorced parents with joint custody, stepfamilies, and interpersonal conflicts. This information will be used to show that children’s emotional health depends on their parents’ relationships.…

    • 335 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Portnoy, S. (2008). The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer’s Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children. American Journal of Family Law, 21(4), 126-134.…

    • 2116 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Divorce and Children

    • 2810 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Cited: Amato, P.R., & Keith, B. (1991a). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26-46. ibid. (1991b). Parental divorce and the well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 43-58. Atkeson, B. M., Forehand, R., & Rickard, K. M. (1982). The effects of divorce on children. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 255-281). New York: Plenum Press. Baumrind, D. (1991a). Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition. In P. A. Cowan & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Family transitions (pp 111-164). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. ibid. (1991b). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance abuse. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56-94. Block, J. H., Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1986). The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827-840. Bray, J. H. (1988). Children 's development in early remarriage. In E. M. Hetherington & J. D. Arasteh (Eds.), The impact of divorce, single parenting and stepparenting on children (pp. 279-298). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. ibid. (1990). Impact of divorce on the family. In R. E. Rakel (Ed.), Textbook of family practice (4th ed., pp. 111-122). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. Brody, G., & Forehand, R. (1988). Multiple determinants of parenting: Research findings and implications for the divorce process. In E. M. Hetherington & J. Arasteh (Eds.), Impact of divorce, single parenting and stepparenting on children (pp. 117-134). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Camara, K. A., & Resnick, G. (1988).…

    • 2810 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Grotpeter, J. K., & Crick, N. R. (1996). Relational aggression, overt aggression, and friendship. Child Development, 67, 2328-2338.…

    • 1175 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to statistics about divorce and children, half of all American children will witness the breakup of a parent’s marriage. Of all children born to married parents this year, fifty percent will experience the divorce of their parents before they reach their eighteenth birthday. The parents’ divorce marks a turning point in children’s lives even if it happened many years ago or is taking place right now. Parents usually divorce when they feel they can no longer live together because of fighting and anger, or their love for each other has changed. Another reason for divorce is when a parent falls in love with someone else. Sometimes it is due to serious problems such as drinking, spousal abuse, or gambling addiction. In some cases nothing bad happens, but parents just decide to split up. Parental divorce is a very stressful event for all children, in spite of their age or developmental stage; therefore, many of them are not completely prepared for it. Consequently, divorce can have an important and life changing impact on the well-being and development of children.…

    • 924 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Divorce in America

    • 3080 Words
    • 13 Pages

    The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of divorce in America. Specifically it will discuss the affect of divorce on American culture. Divorce is never easy on a family, and it affects every member of the family in many ways. It breaks down family ties, splits families apart, and can create poverty and despair in single parents. Divorce has had a powerful affect on American culture, literally and figuratively.…

    • 3080 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Effects of Divorce

    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Each year, over 1 million American children suffer the divorce of their parents; moreover, half of the children born this year to parents who are married will see their parents divorce before they turn 18. Mounting evidence in social science journals demonstrates that the devastating physical, emotional, and financial effects that divorce is having on these children will last well into adulthood and affect future generations. Among these broad and damaging effects are the following:…

    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays