Preview

Life Needed

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3391 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Life Needed
Fermented Santol (Sandoricum koetjape) As a Vinegar
Introduction
Background of the Study
Vinegar is a versatile liquid that results from the fermentation of ethanol. The key ingredient of vinegar is acetic acid, which gives it an acidic taste. While there may be additions of other kinds of acid like tartaric acid and citric acid, the typical pH of vinegar ranges anywhere from 2 to 3.5, although the store-bought kind usually measures 2.4. In food preparation procedures, it is a multi-purpose product as an ingredient and condiment. In this study, the proponents want to explore if fermented santol can be a source of vinegar.
Statement of the Problem
Main Problem:
This study aims to determine the potential of the fermented santol as a source of vinegar.
Sub-problem:
1. To determine if fermented santol can be efficient and effective vinegar.
2. To find out the most appropriate concentration of the fermented santol that can be an effective source of vinegar.
Statement of the Hypothesis
The Fermented Santol can be more efficient and more affordable than other vinegar.
Sub-hypotheses
1. Fernented Santol is an efficient and effective vinegar.
2. The extract from 2 kg of santol is the most appropriate concentration.
Significance of the Study
This study can help our community and our country to save more money especially today that we are experiencing financial crisis.
Scope and Limitations
This study enables us to make vinegar out of fermented santol and limited only during the season of santol at the start of the rainy season. We will conduct our study from July 2012 to March 2013.
Review of Related Literature and Related Studies Local Literature
Filipino children consider santol as their favorite fruit. In rural areas, wherever you go, you can find santol and mostly it’s your for taking. Inside the fruit there is a white juicy pulp with around three to five seeds. The seeds are up to, two centimeters long. And because the flesh is strongly attached

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Approximately ten minutes into the reflux period a condensation reflux ring was visible near the top of the round-bottom flask and then progressed up the approximately one-third of the condenser column length approximately twenty minutes into the reflux. Thirty minutes into the reflux, the mixture changed to a dark purple color while it bubbled and boiled. This color remained through the extractions but was left in the boiling flask during distillation. Reflux continued for a total of 60 minutes after the reflux ring formed and took approximately ten minutes to cool down to room temperature. Then the room temperature mixture was prepared for extraction with 10mL of water but discovered to be still very acidic after one wash. To reach a neutral pH, it took three washes with Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to remove any excess acetic acid and catalytic sulfuric acid. During distillation, the first drop was observed at 135 C and stopped at approximately 139 C when the distilling flask approached dryness. The final product was clear and colorless with a strong scent of bananas. The mass of the product was a 4.42g…

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Experiment 13B

    • 972 Words
    • 4 Pages

    A reflux condenser was assembled using a 25-mL round-bottom flask, hot plate, and aluminum block. It was equipped with a drying tube filled with calcium chloride to control vapors. Approximately 2.5 mL of isopentyl alcohol was massed and placed in the round-bottom flask that contained a stir bar. Using the same graduated cylinder, about 3.5 mL of glacial acetic acid was added to the flask. A calibrated Pasteur pipet was used to add 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to the flask and the flask was mixed immediately. The flask was connected to the apparatus and covered with aluminum foil to help retain heat. Using rubber tubing, water was circulated into the lower attachment and out the top attachment and the mixture was brought to a boil. After heating under reflux for 60-75 minutes, the flask was removed from the heating source and left to cool down to room temperature. The reaction mixture from the flask was transferred to a culture tube and 5-mL of water was added. Upon addition of water, careful shaking, and occasional venting, the phases separated and the lower aqueous layer was removed and discarded. Using the same procedure as explained above with water, 2.5 mL of aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added and the lower aqueous layer was again removed and discarded. The same procedure was repeated one last time with 2.5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium chloride and the lower aqueous layer was removed and discarded, leaving behind the crude ester. The crude ester was transferred to…

    • 972 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Isoborneol With Bleach

    • 1188 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Procedure: Using a 50-mL Erlenmeyer flask, 1.316 g (8.5 mmol) isoborneol and 1.0 mL (17 mmol) glacial acetic acid were stirred vigorously with a magnetic stir plate. A volume of 1.7 mL NaOCl was added to solution, and it was then heated to 50° C. Drop-wise, 15 mL of NaOCL were added to the solution over the following 10 minutes. The solution was heated at 70° C to maintain a temperature of 50° C. When it momentarily reached 55 ° C it was placed in an ice bath until it was 50° C again. The solution was then heated at 65 ° C for the remainder of the reaction. Over the next 20 minutes, the presence of NaOCl in the reaction mixture was ascertained every 5 minutes using a starch-iodide test. If the test was negative, additional NaOCl was added to achieve a positive test (0.5 – 1 ml fractions). After 20 minutes, the reaction mixture tested positive for NaOCl, and NaHSO3 was…

    • 1188 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Through the top of the condenser, 14 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added drop wise over a period of ten minutes. The addition of the acid created a change in color of the solution to a rustic orange color. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes and the solution changed to a faded yellow-orange color. Once reflux was complete, a simple distillation was set up, with the 25 mL collection graduated cylinder placed in an ice bath. The mixture was distilled and combined with the hood partners’ distilled mixture. The distillate was placed in a separatory funnel with 10 mL of distilled water. Once separated, the distillate was added to the funnel again with 9 M sulfuric acid. The organic layer was still in the funnel after separation, as distilled water was added to the solution and then 10 mL of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The organic solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate for a week. The liquid product was transferred to a 25 mL round bottom flask equipped with a stir bar and a simple distillation was set up. The solution was distilled and the density of the bromide was calculated at 1.222 grams/mL with a boiling range of 87-92◦C. The theoretical yield was calculated at 12.847 grams and the percent yield was 72.3 percent. Next was the characterization and assessment of the purity of the…

    • 1325 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The volume of 20 mmol of 2-methylcyclohexanol was calculated and transferred into a round-bottom flask. Then 0.7 mL of 85 % phosphoric acid was mixed in. The reaction vessel was clamped to a ring stand over a suitable heat source and an apparatus was assembled for simple distillation using a Hickman still, water cooled condenser, and thermometer. Then a conical vial was weighted and recorded. After turning on the heat source in slow power, it was waited until it started to distillate. The temperature when it began was 58°C. Using a Pasteur pipet, the distillate was regularly transferred into the conical vial until only a yellow solution remained. It wasn’t left to dry completely. The temperature was 75°C when the vessel was taken from the heat source. The distillate was then washed with 1.5 mL of 5 % aqueous sodium bicarbonate. Then the aqueous lower layer was carefully removed. The upper layer was cloudy at first until it started to become clear after a few minutes. The solution was dried through anhydrous calcium chloride. Then it was weighted.…

    • 698 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative used in food products such as jams and jellies, soft drinks, pickles, condiments etc and in tinned products in the market. This experiment aimed to determine whether benzoic acid is formed from it’s superior soluble form sodium benzoate in stomach acid, which is simulated by HCl (pH=2). It has been seen that at a low optimum pH, i.e. in the presence of sufficient hydrochloric acid, sufficient benzoic acid is yielded. The percentage yield is determined from the calculations of the theoretical (stoichiometric) calculations and the actual yield from the reaction. Also throughout the experiment, some basic laboratory operations such as measuring mass and volume, separating solids from liquids by vacuum filtration and drying solids are familiarized with.…

    • 1347 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Lab 2

    • 931 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The purpose of this lab was to produce benzoic acid by mixing sodium benzoate with hydrochloric acid. The Hydrochloric acid used in the experiment was a stock solution made by mixing HCl Acid and deionized water. HCl acid, historically called, muriatic acid or spirits of salt, hydrochloric acid is produced from sulfuric acid and common salt, NaCl (Princeton.edu). Since the early 1900 's, sodium benzoate has been used as a food preservative (SolarNavigator). It is utilized in a wide range of preservative applications due to its antimicrobial action combined with its low toxicity and low taste (SolarNavigator).…

    • 931 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Experimental: Sodium metal was patted dry to remove any oil and was cat into small pieces. A dry 100cm3 round bottom flask was placed on a cork ring, on a balance and tarred sodium metal (0.6g) was placed into the flask. The flask was then attached to the dry reflux condenser and industrial methylated spirits (IMS, 15cm3) was added. Once all of the sodium has dissolved the solution was cooled to room temperature and the para-acetamidophenol (3.5g) was added. Ethyl iodine (3.0cm3) was slowly introduced to the mixture through the top of the condenser and the resulting in the mixture was boiled at reflux temperature for 20 minutes and was placed in a rotary evaporator to remove any excess solvent. Distilled water (40cm3) was added to the mixture and the flask was placed in ice until crystals were formed. The crude product was filtered using vacuum filtration the filtrates were washed with very little cold water and were left dry as much as possible.…

    • 652 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Enterotube 2 Lab Report

    • 1051 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction, orange should be considered negative. Lactose Bacterial fermentation of lactose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color of the Indicator present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Arabinose Bacterial fermentation of arabinose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Sorbitol Bacterial fermentation of sorbitol, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Voges-Proskauer Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) is an intermediate in the production of butylene glycol from glucose fermentation. The presence of acetoin is indicated by the development of a red color within 20 minutes. Most positive reactions are evident within 10 minutes. Phenylalanine Deaminase This test detects the formation of pyruvic acid from the deamination of phenylalanine. The pyruvic acid formed reacts with a ferric salt in the medium to produce a characteristic black to smoky gray color. Urea The production of urease by some bacteria hydrolyzes urea in this medium to produce ammonia, which causes a shift in pH from yellow (acidic) to reddish-purple (alkaline). This test is strongly positive for Proteus in 6 hours and weakly positive for Klebsiella and some Enterobaeter species in 24…

    • 1051 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Escherichia Coli Essay

    • 675 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Conversely, the glycerol remaining decreased with time. The results for glycerol remaining are shown in figure 4.20. The succinic acid production at 6 hours was 4.2736 g/L and gradually increased with time. These results show that the bacteria Escherichia coli in the medium grew actively with time. After 72 hours of profile growth the succinic acid production was about 4.6846 g/L. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the bacteria Escherichia coli type K-12 can actively grow in the medium with supplements and treated glycerol producing glycerol residue and consequently can also produce succinic acid…

    • 675 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    24 mL of 4-methylcyclohexanol, 5mL of phosphoric acid, and 1mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a 250 mL round bottom flask and mixed thoroughly with a magnetic stirrer. A simple distillation set up was installed with a 250mL round bottom flask, jack, stirrer, heating mantle, and variac. The solution was heated gently with a small heating mantle to distill the crude product while keeping the vapor temperature around 100C or less. The crude product was collected which contained water, 4-methylcyclohexene, and trace acid.…

    • 331 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    First, carbohydrate fermentation was tested in various sugar solutions (glucose, sucrose, arabinose, mannitol, lactose, and galactose) for the unknown. Cells were taken from culture and inoculated into vials filled with a phenol red sugar solution and a filled Durham tube which was turned upside down. The cells were left to grow overnight and observed the next day for color changes and bubble production which gave positive results for carbohydrate fermentation. The next test was a Methyl Red-Vogues Proskauer (MR-VP broth) test for which a sample of the unknown was inoculated into two separate tubes (one for the MR and one for the VP tube) and allowed to grow for at least 24 hours. Next the MR tube was given a methyl red reagent and mixed to observe a color change to bright red.…

    • 3110 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Fermentation Lab Report

    • 1178 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Reddy. "Effect of Fermentation Condition on Yeast Growth and Volatile Composition of Wine Produced from Mango Fruit Juice." Food & Biproducts Processing: Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineers Part C 89.4 (2011): 487-91. EBSCO. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Web.…

    • 1178 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    life

    • 1170 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Presentation of a 500 word proposal outlining the design for a mini health promotion initiative in Week 7: (LO 1, 2, 3) 12/11/2013…

    • 1170 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The addition of 4.0 mL cyclohexanol, 1.0 mL of 85% phosphoric acid, and one boiling chip, were all added to a 10 mL round bottom flask that would be attached to the end of an assembled simple distillation set up. A sand bath was placed atop a hot plate, and the simple distillation mechanism was lowered into the sand bath with the bottom most piece (the 10 mL round bottom flask) submerged about half way. The distillation process was completed after a sufficient amount of liquid distillate had accumulated within the Hickman Still Head. Smaller volumes were removed from the Hickman Still Head and into a clean test tube with a Pasteur pipet until only 1 mL - 2 mL of the distilled mixture remained in the round bottom flask and all…

    • 602 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics