The case against Iowa High School Athletic Association was created by Marian Boyer. Marian Boyer attended a basketball game Roosevelt Junior High School in Mason City, Iowa. Boyer, her husband and two other witnesses, Mr and Mrs Garland, sat together at the tow row bleachers. According to the case brief when the bleachers are not in use they are pushed back toward the wall. It takes three men to pull the bleachers out from their folded position and during the school year the bleachers are pulled out and pushed back two to four times a week.…
Facts: An undercover police officer watched a controlled deal from inside his unmarked police car. When the deal was over, the undercover police officer radioed for uniformed police officers to move in on the suspect, who was heading towards a breezeway in an apartment complex.…
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California was a case in 1976 which the Supreme Court of California decided that mental health professionals have a duty to protect individuals who are being threatened with bodily harm by any of their patients. Originally, in 1974, the decision was mandated warning the threatened person or persons but, in the year 1976 the California Supreme Court decided that it was intended for a “duty to protect” a victim. Mr. Poddar was a graduate student in the University of California, Berkeley. He met Tatiana Tarasoff at folk dancing classes at the International House. They saw each other on a weekly basis and later on slept together on New Year’s Eve. Poddar interpreted the act as a serious relationship. Tarasoff…
There are very few circumstances in which the U.S. Government can suspend the civil liberties of its citizens. During World War II, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which gave the military the power to declare any place in the United States a military zone. This led to many Japanese American throughout most of the West Coast being relocated to interment camps. When Fred Korematsu refused to be relocated the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the military despite suspicions of racism. There were Supreme Court Justices who disagreed with the decision but the ruling still passed.…
The case of Thompson versus Oklahoma raises a number of issues regarding the trials and punishment of juveniles for heinous crimes. This case was argued on November 9, 1987 and involves the trial of fifteen-year-old William Wayne Thompson. Along with his older brother and two friends, William Thomspon brutally murdered Charles Keene, his sister’s husband. His motive was revenge for abusing his sister. William Thompson was a “child” according to Oklahoma law, but he was tried as an adult, convicted with murder, and sentenced to death. The Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma upheld this ruling. Because he was only fifteen years old at the time of the murder, this ruling violated the Eighth Amendment, causing this case to be brought to the Supreme…
Martin McFadden was a police officer in Ohio who noticed that two individuals appeared to be acting suspiciously. While watching these people from his police car, Officer McFadden noticed that these two men appeared to be planning a criminal attack. The two men were walking back and forth in front of a store while conspiring with each other. When McFadden approached the two men and identified himself as a law enforcement officer, he walked them down the street and frisked them for weapons or illegal drugs. When searching the men, Officer McFadden found a handgun. The individuals were taken into police custody and charged with carrying a concealed weapon.…
* This was the first eminent domain case since Midkiff to reach the Supreme Court.…
By chiefly drawing on legal precedence in four court cases—Brown, Governor of California, et al. v. Entertainment Merchants Association, et al. (Brown v. EMA), Ginsberg v. New York, Case v. Unified School District, and Campbell v. St-Tammany Parish School Board—, this paper endorses the claim that all books which present controversial subject matter should have an informative label on them. Controversial subject matter is stipulated as any content that may cause emotional or mental harm on well-being of persons of any age, such topics include, but are not limited to: any historical contexts that deal with cruel and inhuman social and political conditions (for example, Nazi Germany, or slavery in the United-States), homophobia and transphobia,…
Many American citizens today do not know that during World War II, the Fascist Party in Germany were not the only ones to have concentration camps with a specific race occupying them. Between the end of 1941 till the end of the war, the United States evacuated and imprisoned around 127,000 people of Japanese ancestry. During this internment period, a supreme court case arose against Fred Korematsu where he was found guilty by a six to three verdict of trying to leave the state of California when all Japanese were prohibited from leaving and supposed to report to a relocation center. Although deemed unconstitutional today, the majority has strength in the letter of the law but weakness in racial prejudice; the dissenting argument has strength with using the Constitution but is weak in explaining military actions; and finally the line that should be clear before being crossed with "military necessity." To gain further insight on the subject it would be best to explore the majorities strengths and weakness first.…
Does random drug testing of high school athletes violate the reasonable search and seizure clause of the Fourth Amendment (10)?…
“From a moral standpoint it would be misguided to equate the failings of a minor with those of an adult.”-Justice Anthony Kennedy. In 1993, Christopher Simmons was sentenced to death when he was only 17. A series of appeals to state and federal courts were submitted but each appeal was rejected. Then, in 2002, The Missouri Supreme Court stayed Simmon’s execution while the U.S Supreme Court decided Atkins v. Virginia, where the U.S. Supreme court ruled that executing the mentally ill violated Eight and 14th Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment because majority of Americans found it cruel and unusual, the Missouri Supreme Court started to reconsider Simmon’s case. Using the reasoning from this case, the Missouri court decided…
Upon arriving in America, the Puritans have a charter granted by the king which gives them some measure of self-government. The "Massachusetts Bay School Law" established in 1642 expressed the Puritans ideas on education, religion, and the study of a "particular" calling. Every Puritan was expected to abide by the law and to report offenders, who were consequently reprimanded or punished accordingly.…
“To what extent was the case of Brown v. Board of Education effective in the scope of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950-60s?”…
Follow the relevant guidance when given a request for information so confidentiality is not breached…
"'The Supreme Court decision [on Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas] is the greatest victory for the Negro people since the Emancipation Proclamation,' Harlem's Amsterdam News exclaimed. It will alleviate troubles in many other fields.' The Chicago Defender added, this means the beginning of the end of the dual society in American life and the system of segregation which supports it.'"…