John Calhoun's Rights Debate

John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun was born on March 18, 1782 in Abbeville, South Carolina. He was a prominent United States statesman and spokesman for the slave-plantation system of the antebellum South. He was a nationalist at the beginning of his political career. He was a congressman from South Carolina. As one of the leading War Hawks, he helped steer the United States into war with Great Britain in 1812. Calhoun was responsible for establishing the Second Bank of the United States. He also wrote the bonus bill that would have laid the foundation for a nationwide network of roads and canals but President James Madison vetoed it. Calhoun served as United States Secretary of War. He was a candidate for the presidency in 1824. He
Pauls Parish, South Carolina on a rice plantation. He studied law and was admitted to the bar just before he was 21 years old. In 1814 he was elected as a Jeffersonian Republican to the lower House of Representatives of the South Carolina legislature. Four years later he became its speaker. He served as state attorney general for two years. With the backing of John Caldwell Calhoun, Hayne was elected to the United States Senate in 1822. As a senator, Hayne took a lead in opposing Federal efforts to increase the tariff. He became popular in the South when he joined Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri in opposing a resolution to curtail the sale of western land. He based his case on the argument that the territories were joint possessions of all the states. Any restriction on the sale of lands would be an infringement of the rights of citizens of the states. His exposition of the states' rights interpretation of the Union was challenged by Daniel Webster in 1830. Their debates were over slavery, nullification, the basic character of the Constitution, and the objectives of the Hartford Convention of 1814. These arguments continued until the Civil War. Hayne withdrew from the Senate in 1832 to make way for John C. Calhoun. Hayne participated in South Carolina's nullification convention. He served one term as governor of South Carolina and one year as mayor of Charleston. He was an active promoter of the Louisville,
He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1801 and became a successful lawyer in Boston. He was an extreme advocate of states' rights. Webster was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1812. In 1813, he was elected a New Hampshire congressman. He was a leading proponent of federal action to stimulate the economy through protective tariffs, transportation improvements, and a national bank. Later in 1827, he won a seat in the United States Senate. He was a leader of the Whig Party. His group opposed President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. He ran for the United States Presidency in 1836. In 1840 he was named Secretary of State by President William Henry Harrison. Harrison died in 1841 and John Tyler took over the presidency. Every Whig party member of the presidential cabinet but Webster resigned from their post. In 1842 he successfully established The Webster-Ashburton Treaty. This resolved a dispute between the United States and Great Britain regarding the Maine-Canada border. The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall adopted Webster's arguments in a number of significant cases. He returned to the position of Secretary of State in 1850. He was appointed by President Millard Fillmore. Webster oversaw the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act. He was known as the defender of the Constitution by denouncing nullification when South Carolina adopted it. He was an opponent of