Introduction to Neurology
INTRODUCTION TO NEUROLOGY
content:
Functions of the nervous system
Structure of the nervous system
Organisation of the nervous system
Numerous functions
Protection.
Movement.
Coordination.
Control of cardiovascular system.
Functioning of endocrine system.
Maintenance of homeostasis.
Structure
Nervous system (NS) is a highly specialised, complex, interconnected network of neural tissue
It coordinates, interprets and controls the interactions among the various tissues of the body and as well as between the body and the surrounding environment.
Body is able to function as a single unit because the NS provides the necessary communication between the various systems, which enables them to work together in a coordinated manner.
Stressor — Autonomic NS — adrenal medulla — adrenaline — fight or flight.
Structure
The nervous system consists of:
a) Sensors
b) Neurons – subdivided into:
i) sensory (afferent)
ii) motor (efferent)
iii) interneurons- association neurons.
c) Glial cells (neuroglia).
Sensors
Detect changes both internally and externally.
Sensitive to a whole range of stimuli including:- temperature (thermoreceptors), touch/pressure, sound (mechanoreceptors), movement, stretch (proprioceptors), various chemicals and acidity (chemoreceptors).
Convert different types of stimuli into electrical nerve impulses.
Structure of sensory receptors
Dendrites of sensory neurons divided into:
a) free nerve enedings-bare dencdrites thermal, pain etc.
b) encapsulated nerve endings-dendrites enclosed in layer of connective tissue e.g. pressure.
Specialised cells that monitor changes in the internal or external environment and synapse with sensory neuron, e.g. vision, hearing and taste.
Neurons
Conduct nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
content:
Functions of the nervous system
Structure of the nervous system
Organisation of the nervous system
Numerous functions
Protection.
Movement.
Coordination.
Control of cardiovascular system.
Functioning of endocrine system.
Maintenance of homeostasis.
Structure
Nervous system (NS) is a highly specialised, complex, interconnected network of neural tissue
It coordinates, interprets and controls the interactions among the various tissues of the body and as well as between the body and the surrounding environment.
Body is able to function as a single unit because the NS provides the necessary communication between the various systems, which enables them to work together in a coordinated manner.
Stressor — Autonomic NS — adrenal medulla — adrenaline — fight or flight.
Structure
The nervous system consists of:
a) Sensors
b) Neurons – subdivided into:
i) sensory (afferent)
ii) motor (efferent)
iii) interneurons- association neurons.
c) Glial cells (neuroglia).
Sensors
Detect changes both internally and externally.
Sensitive to a whole range of stimuli including:- temperature (thermoreceptors), touch/pressure, sound (mechanoreceptors), movement, stretch (proprioceptors), various chemicals and acidity (chemoreceptors).
Convert different types of stimuli into electrical nerve impulses.
Structure of sensory receptors
Dendrites of sensory neurons divided into:
a) free nerve enedings-bare dencdrites thermal, pain etc.
b) encapsulated nerve endings-dendrites enclosed in layer of connective tissue e.g. pressure.
Specialised cells that monitor changes in the internal or external environment and synapse with sensory neuron, e.g. vision, hearing and taste.
Neurons
Conduct nerve impulses from one part of the body to another