The way that committees fit into the lawmaking process is by basically looking/examining the bill that was brought to them. Then the committee reviews the particular bill and decides if it’s fit for approval. Another reason is that committees are the most qualified to approve or disapprove a bill this is why lawmakers send the bills to committees because a bill that is approved by them has a way better chance of going to the House or Senate (Oleszek, Walter).…
There are four types of committees within the House and the Senate, they are: the Standing Committees, the Select or Special Committees, the Joint Committees and the Conference Committees. Currently in the United States there are twenty one permanent committees in the House, twenty in the Senate and four joint committees. Each committee has several subcommittees that share specific tasks within the jurisdiction of the full committee.…
Both chambers elect people to assist their party leaders, referred to as whips. Whips are responsible for coordinating the party’s legislative strategy, building support for key issues, and counting votes. In fact, the principle task of a party whip, formally known as an “assistant party leader,” is to keep track of the number of votes for and against a piece of legislation. Also, they are supposed to “whip up” support among the chamber membership.…
The Indian National Congress emerged upon the political landscape in 1885 as the natural culmination of the politicisation and education of an Indian middle class, its nucleus formed from a growing body of English educated professionals and artisans. Although a landmark in the formation of political and national identity on an all-India scale, the resonance of this political organisation in Indian society and its ability to mobilise existing anti-imperialist sentiments is marked by distinct periods in its narrative. Indeed even before the foundation of the Congress, there was an existing body of politically active organisations, such as the Indian Association, pursuing an all-India programme, promoting greater autonomy1. The early composition of the Congress leaders and participants tended to be Anglicized in their personal life and highly successful in their profession, consequently their ambitions of political change reflected these influences2. Prominent among these national issues were the progressive Indianization of the civil services and the army; the dissemination of mass literacy; and the growth of swadeshi industry3. The foundation of its support therefore was echoed by its initial objectives of social reforms, restricted to the urban middle and lower classes in the cities and towns. Such resistance to subjugation was not limited to the realm of expanding political…
S Fineman, Y Gabriel, D Sims, 2011. Organising and Organisations. Roy Jenkins, 2003. Churchill: A Biography, Victory in Europe and Defeat in Britain, PP789-819 (Paperback) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/world/asia/21india.html?_r=1 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/22/world/asia/22india.html http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/idINIndia-58938520110824 http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/india_agrees_to_protesters_demand_on_graft_panel/2011/04/09/AFFyy05C_story.html?wprss=rss_homepa ge http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/19/world/asia/19hazare.html http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/fms-students-study-annas-stir-against-corruption/1/18220.html http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-02/ranchi/30105617_1_munish-thakur-case-study-lokpal-movement Special thanks to Prof Cliff Oswick, Cass Business School, for Guidance and permission to use his lecture materials and contents.…
To meet the public demand for impartial and judicial inquiries, the Government of India came out with a comprehensive legislation, which resulted into passage of this Commission of…
Not to be confused with The Lokpal Bill, 2011, an anti-corruption bill pending before the parliament of India.…
[ 5 ]. Robert Moog, “Conflict and Compromise: The Politics of Lok Adalats in Varanasi District”, Law & Society Review 545-570 (1991) p 78…
In a developing country like India, with uneducated masses, conditions of abject poverty, where the awareness of socio-economic and ecological problems in lacking, the judiciary has to play an active role to protect the people’s right against the anti-people order by infusing confidence in people as a whole for whom it exists, for as rightly put by Justice Lodha, “Judiciary exists for the people and not vice-versa.” Judiciary therefore cannot sit in silence and helplessly but must come forward actively to make good the deficiencies of law and provide relief wherever and whenever required.…
17. The constitution of the Bharat Sevak Samaj and the National Advisory Committee for Public Cooperation in August 1952, are important preliminary steps recently taken for securing public cooperation on a nationwide basis. The National Advisory Committee, which is representative of different sections of opinion in the country, is expected to :…
By an Order made by the President of India, in the year 1979, under Article 340 of the Constitution, a Backward Class Commission was appointed to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes within the territory of India, which Commission is popularly known as Mandal Commission. The terms of reference of the Commission were:…
Here are the top 20 important terms to know in committee sorted by category below. And if you’re still unsure when you get to committee, don’t hesitate to raise a Point of Inquiry!…
Constitution of India. The Preamble of the constitution of India embodies the resolve of the people of India to secure for all citizens: “Justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and of opportunity; to promote among them all Fraternity assuring the dignity of the Individual and the unity of the Nation”. One of the seven categories of broad Fundamental Rights guaranteed in the constitution is the right to equality including equality before the law, prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, race, caste, sex or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment. However, it is declared in the Directive Principles of the State Policy that “The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Schedule Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all form of exploitation”. Further Article 15(4) of the Constitution provides that “Nothing in Article 15 or 29(2)….. shall prevent the State from making any special provisions for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes”. Also, Article 16 (40 of the constitution permits the state to make “any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favor of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the state, is not adequately represented in the services under the State”. Thus, the Constitution prescribes certain protection and safeguards for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes…
7. What was the objective of the Statutory Commission appointed by the new Tory government in Britain in 1927? What was the response of Indians towards it?…
The Anti-Defection Law was passed in 1985 through the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution, which added the Tenth Schedule to the Indian Constitution. The main intent of the law was to combat “the evil of political defections”. There are several issues in relation to the working of this law which need to be discussed. Does the law, while deterring defections, also lead to suppression of healthy intra-party debate and dissent? Does it restrict representatives from voicing the concerns of their voters in opposition to the official party position? Should the decision on defections be judged by the Speaker who is usually a member of the ruling party or coalition, or should it be decided by an external neutral body such as the Election Commission? In this note, we summarise the main features of this law and interpretation by the Courts and the presiding officers. We also see which other democracies have similar provisions.…