Before 9/11, emergency management focused on natural disaster mitigation and recovery. So training was based on experience and mentorship. However, the 9/11incident fundamentally changed the culture of emergency management. The paradigm shift now requires a unified response, which in turn required an academic approach to disaster management.
September 11th was the catalyst for redefining the whole process of thinking in the industry. At First, The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was created after 9/11. In response to a serious attack on American, emergency management began to develop the degree of