How Knowledge of Perception Help Managers to Make Decision?
9/24/09
Perception • What is perception and why is perception important? • Top-down and bottom-up perception • Perception as observer-dependent
Why is perception important? • We must connect to the world
– Sources of energy around us. Some are good (light, sound, heat), some are bad (sharp objects, intense heat) – They provide information to allow us to satisfy goals. – Perception allows us to use this energy.
• Grounding for abstract thought
– False dichotomy between perception and cognition
1
9/24/09
Perceptual modalities • We perceive many aspects of the world
– Light in the visible spectrum (vision) – Air movement (hearing) – Infra-red radiation (heat) – Forces approaching dangerous levels (pain) – Presence of certain chemicals (taste + order) – Position and movement of our bodies (proprioception)
Perception and the brain • Visual information
– Retina – Thalamus (like a relay station) – Occipital lobe – Information is initially separated by visual field
• Left visual field to the right hemisphere • Right visual field to the left hemisphere
2
9/24/09
Organization of vision • Finding edges • Detecting colors • Locating objects in space
Low level vision
Organization of vision • Determining object features • Figure ground recognition
Mid level vision Low level vision
3
9/24/09
Organization of vision • Object recognition • Face recognition • Scene recognition
High level vision Mid level vision Low level vision
The problem of vision • Visual space is three dimensional
– The retina of each eye is two-dimensional – Information about 3D must be extracted from 2D
4
9/24/09
The problem of vision • Percepts are ambiguous
– There are far more possibilities than we see – We search for the best interpretation – Vision immediately gives us objects (we don’t just see squiggles and textures) – The visual system
Perception • What is perception and why is perception important? • Top-down and bottom-up perception • Perception as observer-dependent
Why is perception important? • We must connect to the world
– Sources of energy around us. Some are good (light, sound, heat), some are bad (sharp objects, intense heat) – They provide information to allow us to satisfy goals. – Perception allows us to use this energy.
• Grounding for abstract thought
– False dichotomy between perception and cognition
1
9/24/09
Perceptual modalities • We perceive many aspects of the world
– Light in the visible spectrum (vision) – Air movement (hearing) – Infra-red radiation (heat) – Forces approaching dangerous levels (pain) – Presence of certain chemicals (taste + order) – Position and movement of our bodies (proprioception)
Perception and the brain • Visual information
– Retina – Thalamus (like a relay station) – Occipital lobe – Information is initially separated by visual field
• Left visual field to the right hemisphere • Right visual field to the left hemisphere
2
9/24/09
Organization of vision • Finding edges • Detecting colors • Locating objects in space
Low level vision
Organization of vision • Determining object features • Figure ground recognition
Mid level vision Low level vision
3
9/24/09
Organization of vision • Object recognition • Face recognition • Scene recognition
High level vision Mid level vision Low level vision
The problem of vision • Visual space is three dimensional
– The retina of each eye is two-dimensional – Information about 3D must be extracted from 2D
4
9/24/09
The problem of vision • Percepts are ambiguous
– There are far more possibilities than we see – We search for the best interpretation – Vision immediately gives us objects (we don’t just see squiggles and textures) – The visual system