Questions on Immunity, and Primary and Secondary Response
Ch 16 #1: Please answer the following about the Primary versus Secondary Response
Which response would be more affected by a lack of memory B and memory T cells: the primary or the secondary immune response?
Definitely the Secondary response. During the Primary immune response when the B cells and T cells are activated from an encounter with an antigen, plasma cells release antibodies to destroy the antigen. During the proliferation phase some of the cells produced stay dormant and act as memory cells of the antigen that was previously encountered. If the identical antigen is confronted again the memory cells enlarge and quickly respond to the antigen they were previously sensitized to during the Second Immune response. The secondary response therefore would surely be more effected by the lack of memory B and memory T cells.
Chapter 16 #2: Please answer the following to show your understanding of T cells activation. This is a two part question: 1. Identify the type of T cells that express the CD8 marker and those that express the CD4 marker.
The T cells that express the CD8 marker are the class MHC l (major histocompatibility complex). They address the cells that have intracellular antigens like cancer or viruses in which the actual cell must be destroyed to kill the antigen. Part of the antigen is moved to the MHC class 1 receptors located within the cell membrane, when combined this activates the cytotoxic T cell releasing perforin protein, cutting pore like openings that destroy the cell.
The T cells that express the CD4 markers are the class MHC II (major histocompatibility complex). They address the cells that have extracellular antigens like bacteria or parasites located outside of the cell and can be destroyed by antibodies. When a B cell encounters antigens that fit their receptors they then divide (clone) repeatedly. When the stimulated helper T cell encounters a B cell with the identical foreign antigen it releases cytokines. The
Which response would be more affected by a lack of memory B and memory T cells: the primary or the secondary immune response?
Definitely the Secondary response. During the Primary immune response when the B cells and T cells are activated from an encounter with an antigen, plasma cells release antibodies to destroy the antigen. During the proliferation phase some of the cells produced stay dormant and act as memory cells of the antigen that was previously encountered. If the identical antigen is confronted again the memory cells enlarge and quickly respond to the antigen they were previously sensitized to during the Second Immune response. The secondary response therefore would surely be more effected by the lack of memory B and memory T cells.
Chapter 16 #2: Please answer the following to show your understanding of T cells activation. This is a two part question: 1. Identify the type of T cells that express the CD8 marker and those that express the CD4 marker.
The T cells that express the CD8 marker are the class MHC l (major histocompatibility complex). They address the cells that have intracellular antigens like cancer or viruses in which the actual cell must be destroyed to kill the antigen. Part of the antigen is moved to the MHC class 1 receptors located within the cell membrane, when combined this activates the cytotoxic T cell releasing perforin protein, cutting pore like openings that destroy the cell.
The T cells that express the CD4 markers are the class MHC II (major histocompatibility complex). They address the cells that have extracellular antigens like bacteria or parasites located outside of the cell and can be destroyed by antibodies. When a B cell encounters antigens that fit their receptors they then divide (clone) repeatedly. When the stimulated helper T cell encounters a B cell with the identical foreign antigen it releases cytokines. The