History of Western Music

History Of Western Music
Chapter #1  Direct unison-everyone in an ensemble sings the music together  Antiphony-alternations of groups of singers  Responsorial-alteration of soloist and group of singers  Contrafactum-take a set melody and replace existing lyrics with new ones  Gregorian chant- also known as : “Carolinian chant”, monophonic, limited melodic range, unmeasured rhythm, based on modes :  Syllabic-one note per syllable  Neumatic-2-6 notes per syllable  Melismatic-many notes per syllable  Strophic-same music for each line of changing text  Liturgy- the text of the Mass, this text was used for Gregorian chants  Ordinary Mass- 5 prayers that always represent the Mass; • Kyrie=Lord • Gloria=Glory • Credo=I Believe • Sanctus=Holy • Agnus Dei=Lamb of God  Proper Mass- prayer that alternates for particular days or services • Introit=introduction • Gradual=walking down the steps, transition music • Offertory=during the offering  Incipit-beginning text  Cantor-person leading the songs, chants, prayers  Finalis-root/tonic note  Subfinalis-notes on the lines on the scale  Chironomy-contour of pitches, first indication of music notation, oral tradition  Heterophony-singing a monophonic song, then repeating with embellishments (not counterpoint)  Polyphony-the combination of two or more independent lines of music, originated in Paris, France/ known as Organum  Organum-earliest known polyphony  Parallel Organum-two parts moving in either parallel 4ths or 5ths below the chant, occasionally one or both parts double at octave (organum triplum/duadruplum), sometimes parts move from and return to unison/ consonances=unison, 4th‘s, and 5th’s  Plainsong OR Vox Principalis-other terms now used for Gregorian Chant  Vox Organalis-the added voice in a Gregorian Chant/Plainsong/Vox Principalis

 Free Organum-parts moving in contrary, parallel, similar, or oblique motion, increased the variety of sounds, added more independence to the counterpoint than... [continues]

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