Throughout the centuries, both the system and the concept of prison have undergone many radical changes that eventually led to the formation of the prison as we know it now. In the 16th and 17th centuries, prison tended to be a place where criminals were kept in it while awaiting their punishment. It was a place, where criminals were held, rather than a means of punishment. In fact, criminals, at that time, were publically punished, rather than imprisoned, in the most torturous ways such as whipping, and slaughtering. However, in the 18th century, people in charge decided to put an end to these cruel methods of punishing. They came up with new methods of punishing instead of using torture in punishing criminals. In fact, the incarceration with hard labor was the new method of punishing criminals. Thus, the prison itself became a tool of punishment.…
Banishment, corporal punishment, the pillory, and death were very common during the Colonial Period. In which jails were rarely used.(15)…
The colonists did however use jails, copying the English system of gallows, in order to hold defendants who were awaiting trial or for those already convicted and were awaiting their corporal or capital punishment. These jails had deplorable conditions. Poor men, women, and children were all housed together, with very little food or sanitary conditions. Offenders who could afford it paid a fee in order to avoid jail; this early bail system enabled the rich to pay a fee in order to be released. The conditions in both the English and colonial jails during the 1600s and 1700s were so deplorable that few doubted the need for reform (Richard P. Seiter,…
(8) Morris, Norval and David J. Rothman, eds. 1998. The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society. New York: Oxford University Press.…
The most dramatic developments in the Criminal Justice system during the late 20th Century were the revolution of the sentencing system. Prior to the sentencing reforms of 1984, most of the 20th century federal sentencing was largely based on rehabilitative model where sentencing was indeterminate. By the 1970s, the traditional sentencing system came under increasing attack as public interest in the criminal justice system prompted “crime research boom time” (Nagel, 1990; Wilkins, 1987). The concerns manifested to a policy reform focusing on retribution, deterrence and incapacitation as means of getting tough on crime and.…
“Our correctional system punishes offenders, by putting them in jail, or in prison. In the early times, before prisons punishments were often cruel and torturous. The unsettling description of a man broken in half on a rack in the early 1700’s is just one of the ways crimes were punished at that time. Flogging was another. The last flogging was in Delaware on June 16, 1952. When a burglar got 20 lashes.”(2013, 07. How We Punish Offenders in Our System.)…
In 1788 the first fleet disembarked on the shores of Botany Bay. Shortly thereafter Australia became the first colony founded entirely upon the work of convicted felons. The traditional interpretation of the Australian colonies is that, it was a period of harsh and brutal forced labor, where convicts were treated as human commodities and labor was extracted by punishment. Convicts were subjected to various types of reprimands such as shortened rations, leg-irons, being placed on treadmills, head shavings, floggings, execution and forced transportation to penal stations, which was a place of secondary punishment. These punishments meted out in the Australian colonies came in various forms and extremities, which will be discussed throughout this essay. The traditional interpretations of the Australian colonies and its punishments have produced an ideological judgement, that convicts whilst in servitude were fundamentally slaves and New South Wales was a jailed slave society. However, this depiction of colonial Australia has come under considerable debate. It is important to consider that Australian convicts had to be sent before a magistrate before a punishment could be administered by a constable. Many of the constables were ex convicts, this statement in itself brings to light the opportunity and…
Society’s legal system before the 1700s was very different from what it is today, and punishment has made a huge turn around that is almost unbelievable to study. Criminals have gone from cruel and harsh punishment to obtaining on bail or just pay a fine for their crimes. In modern times, society is use to see criminals paying for their crimes in prison doing two years, 10 years, and sometimes life. The Prison system is very modern compare to the old punishment criminals use to obtain. Physical punishment was use back in history as well as corporal punishment and capital punishment. Laws have change within time creating too many rights for the criminal and giving light punishment. Punishment and the correction system make drastic changes every century, and the understandings of both are complicated do to their changes. A part of society wants harsh punishment to comeback and the other big part are not agreeing with incarceration it all.…
Earlier responses to crime were to be brutal, which included torture, humiliation, mutilation, and branding. These kinds of punishments often attempted to relate the punishment to the crime, as close as possible. The first response to crime incorporated linking criminal acts to sin and developing strict punishments. Throughout the years, this thought process has changed into a more humane system. The reason for corrections to is to protect the society but also to provide rehabilitation to these individuals. Punishments for criminals now include main objectives that widely differ from the first believed aspects of punishments. Punishments now embrace objectives pertaining to deterrence, incarceration, rehabilitation, retribution and restitution.…
conditions in the prisons were very veg, not much to eat, nowhere to sleep, and very little space. The prisons in the victorian era was not convenient for anyone, sometimes even for the workers. The prisoners got very little to eat. They only got two to three meals a week and when they did eat it was very little. Bread, sometimes a potato, very little beef, and if lucky they would get a…
The earliest origins of imprisonment was the use of holding defendants prior to trial and dates back to the 9th century. This early form of incarceration was not designed as a form of punishment, rather it was reserved for individuals unable to provide surety for loans or behaviour. The majority of these individuals were held within country gaols, although there were some purpose built gaols such as Tower and Fleet (McLaughlin et al, 2001, p.159).The stocks, flogging, mutilation and execution were all commonplace public spectacles used frequently when dealing with criminals. It was not until the mid 16th century that methods of punishment began to change.…
The Classical era ranges from 17th century to 18th century which is often referred as The Enlightenment era or The Age of Reasoning. The Classical era introduced a belief in the power of human reasoning to solve social, economic and political problems. The classical school teaches us that humans are rational and we make a choice to commit crimes and that punishment should be about preventing future crimes from happening. Before the 17th century, common forms of punishment consisted of torture and death as a way to get even with a criminal or one of the laws of Hammurabi: an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. The classical school of criminology came after the enlightenment. This period introduced the basic ideas of how to operate the…
The use of punishment in the American corrections system is crucial to our criminal justice system. The United States has the largest inmate population in the world, with more than 2 million in prisons or jails. (Whyte & Baker, 2000). In earlier days there were several punishment options one which was public shaming. By imposing this punishment, it was with the hope that the punishment would prevent the accused from committing future crimes. We have progressed through history in our punishment options for severe crimes from public hangings of the old days, to the electric chair and now lethal injection. Regardless of what form of punishment is used, it serves its purpose to ensure that criminals receive their fair punishment.…
Another widely used method of punishment was transportation. The British used transportation as an alternative to capital punishment for the most serious offenders. Prisoners were sent to the British colony of New South Wales in Australia. Some prisoners were even transported to the British colonies in America. This did not last long, however, as it was interrupted by the American war for independence (www.e2bn.com).…
In 1790 came the birth of the Penitentiary in Philadelphia. The penitentiary was different than other systems in that it isolated prisoners, “ …isolated from the bad influences of society and one from another so that, while engaged in productive labor, they could reflect on their past miss-deeds…and be reformed,” (Clear, Cole, Reisig). The American penitentiary and its new concept was observed and adopted by other foreign countries.…