History
History Handout
(Religion)
*Roman Catholic Religion and Islam are the two dominant religions in the country
Functions of religion:
-it explains the unknown
-source of strength and hope
-for the Muslims, it legitimates one’s claim to authority (by the use of Tarsila)
According to Karl Marx “Religion is the opium for the masses”
Religions in the Philippines (developed, entered and flourished): Anitoism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity
Anitoism:
-it was first termed as animism
-dominated the lives of the people (the spirits have to be invoked all the time)
-they worshipped anito, nature, gods and goddesses with their own realm
Deities(Gods and Goddesses):
Bathala – highest for the Tagalogs; found in kaluwalhatian
Luzon –anito
Visayas – diwata
*good or bad, the spirits have to be appeased
Ways to appease the spirits: by performing rituals, sacrifices and ceremonies
2kinds of rituals: simple and complex
Simple ritual – involves simple offerings ex. Atang
Complex ritual – sacrifices: animal and even human sacrifices -paniwata – thanksgiving and healing ritual - slaughtering of pig to read the future (ex. Canao)
Symbolic representations: likha/larawan, bulul, tattoo
Who performs the ceremonies? Babaylan, bayok and catalonan
-most of them are female, menopausal age
-the 3rd most important people in the society
-males are distinguished from the female by the presence of katan or iwa on their side (dagger)
-they are the ones who are knowledgeable in the field of science, arts and history
-Spanish era –their high position will change
*Before the Spanish Colonial era three religions will enter the country: Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam
Hinduism and Buddhism – will enter via Indonesia during the Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Periods
Hinduism- one of the oldest religion that entered the country
Popular feature is the caste system (a rigid system of social stratification)
Basic concepts: reincarnation, karma, dharma and moksha
Reincarnation – cycle of
(Religion)
*Roman Catholic Religion and Islam are the two dominant religions in the country
Functions of religion:
-it explains the unknown
-source of strength and hope
-for the Muslims, it legitimates one’s claim to authority (by the use of Tarsila)
According to Karl Marx “Religion is the opium for the masses”
Religions in the Philippines (developed, entered and flourished): Anitoism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity
Anitoism:
-it was first termed as animism
-dominated the lives of the people (the spirits have to be invoked all the time)
-they worshipped anito, nature, gods and goddesses with their own realm
Deities(Gods and Goddesses):
Bathala – highest for the Tagalogs; found in kaluwalhatian
Luzon –anito
Visayas – diwata
*good or bad, the spirits have to be appeased
Ways to appease the spirits: by performing rituals, sacrifices and ceremonies
2kinds of rituals: simple and complex
Simple ritual – involves simple offerings ex. Atang
Complex ritual – sacrifices: animal and even human sacrifices -paniwata – thanksgiving and healing ritual - slaughtering of pig to read the future (ex. Canao)
Symbolic representations: likha/larawan, bulul, tattoo
Who performs the ceremonies? Babaylan, bayok and catalonan
-most of them are female, menopausal age
-the 3rd most important people in the society
-males are distinguished from the female by the presence of katan or iwa on their side (dagger)
-they are the ones who are knowledgeable in the field of science, arts and history
-Spanish era –their high position will change
*Before the Spanish Colonial era three religions will enter the country: Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam
Hinduism and Buddhism – will enter via Indonesia during the Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Periods
Hinduism- one of the oldest religion that entered the country
Popular feature is the caste system (a rigid system of social stratification)
Basic concepts: reincarnation, karma, dharma and moksha
Reincarnation – cycle of