Levine holds similar beliefs to Greenhut in that the presence of the Indian Corps posed a threat to the image of the British Empire, but extends her argument beyond solely the Indian Expeditionary Force. Levine defines identity as:
The linking of race and gender (too often dubbed as “social” categories) to imperialism - generally regarded as a “political” category - demands attention to the specifics of the historical time frame … The widespread fears around the hopes of controlling sexually transmissible diseases made prostitution a laboratory for medical surveillance; gender and class made the prostitute a vulnerable if not always obedient