Grade 11 Biology - Genetics Unit
GENETICS
CELL ORGANELLES ETC.
CHAPTER 4: Cell Division and Reproduction related PP: cell division
4.1 - Cell Division and Genetic Material
TERMS:
Genetics: the study of heredity and variation of living organisms and how genetic information is passed from one generation to the next
Somatic cell: a plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organism; excludes reproductive cells
Chromosome: a structure in the nucleus that contains DNA
Sister chromatid: one of two chromosomes that are genetically identical and held together at the centromere
Centromere: the region where two sister chromatids are held together in a chromosome
Spindle fibre: a microtubule structure that facilitates the movement of chromosomes within a cell
Centrosome: a structure that helps to form the spindle fibres
Genome: the complete DNA sequence of an organism
Sex chromosome: an X or Y chromosome, which determines the genetic sex of an organism
Autosome: a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism
Homologous chromosome: a chromosome that contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome
Gene: a part of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait and is passed on to offspring; it has a specific DNA sequence
Allele: a different form of the same gene
Karyotype: a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell
Cell Theory * all living things are composed of one or more cells * cells are the smallest units of living organisms * new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division
Functions of Cell Division * growth of the organism * repair of tissues and organs that have been damaged * maintenance to replace dying or dead cells * pass on genetic material
Most healthy, actively dividing animal cells take 12-24 hours to complete the cell cycle
Stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase - the stage during which a cell carries out its normal functions, grows, and makes copies of its
CELL ORGANELLES ETC.
CHAPTER 4: Cell Division and Reproduction related PP: cell division
4.1 - Cell Division and Genetic Material
TERMS:
Genetics: the study of heredity and variation of living organisms and how genetic information is passed from one generation to the next
Somatic cell: a plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organism; excludes reproductive cells
Chromosome: a structure in the nucleus that contains DNA
Sister chromatid: one of two chromosomes that are genetically identical and held together at the centromere
Centromere: the region where two sister chromatids are held together in a chromosome
Spindle fibre: a microtubule structure that facilitates the movement of chromosomes within a cell
Centrosome: a structure that helps to form the spindle fibres
Genome: the complete DNA sequence of an organism
Sex chromosome: an X or Y chromosome, which determines the genetic sex of an organism
Autosome: a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism
Homologous chromosome: a chromosome that contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome
Gene: a part of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait and is passed on to offspring; it has a specific DNA sequence
Allele: a different form of the same gene
Karyotype: a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell
Cell Theory * all living things are composed of one or more cells * cells are the smallest units of living organisms * new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division
Functions of Cell Division * growth of the organism * repair of tissues and organs that have been damaged * maintenance to replace dying or dead cells * pass on genetic material
Most healthy, actively dividing animal cells take 12-24 hours to complete the cell cycle
Stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase - the stage during which a cell carries out its normal functions, grows, and makes copies of its