Food Waste
POTENTIAL TARGET FOR HIV ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
ABSTRACT
HIV was discovered to be a life threatening disease in 1983, since then scientist have been progressively trying to develop antiretroviral therapy. Many drugs have been introduced to fight against HIV, but each of the drug have some level of toxicity or drug resistance to it, Which is why novel targets have been identified that can serve as antiretroviral therapy. Potential targets are explored from all the stages in HIV life cycle here. A clear insight about how this target works against HIV and complications faced by each target are reviewed. Genomics and development of new vaccines is a very new area of studies for HIV inhibition. Although this is not much successful right now but it is defiantly a step towards fighting HIV in future.
INTRODUCTION Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by lentivirus, a member of retrovirus family that is known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)[1]. It is a condition where human immune system progressively fails, which invites various other diseases, infection and even cancer to fight. This virus attacks most vital cells in immune system; helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells, because it cannot replicate on it own and needs these cells to replicate [2]. HIV works towards decreasing CD4+ T cells in three ways: First, by killing the CD4+ T cells directly, second, by increase apoptosis rate and third by indirect mechanism where CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes (it recognizes infected cells and try to eradicate them) kill CD4+ T cells because they are infected by lentivirus. CD4+ T cells level decreases to such an extent where no self-immunity is left in human body.
HIV is classified into two categories; HIV-1 and HIV-2, HIV-1 is a the common HIV which is easily transmitted and is more virulent and infective while HIV-2 is less transmitted and mostly found in West Africa part only.
According to UNAID statistics, in 2010
ABSTRACT
HIV was discovered to be a life threatening disease in 1983, since then scientist have been progressively trying to develop antiretroviral therapy. Many drugs have been introduced to fight against HIV, but each of the drug have some level of toxicity or drug resistance to it, Which is why novel targets have been identified that can serve as antiretroviral therapy. Potential targets are explored from all the stages in HIV life cycle here. A clear insight about how this target works against HIV and complications faced by each target are reviewed. Genomics and development of new vaccines is a very new area of studies for HIV inhibition. Although this is not much successful right now but it is defiantly a step towards fighting HIV in future.
INTRODUCTION Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by lentivirus, a member of retrovirus family that is known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)[1]. It is a condition where human immune system progressively fails, which invites various other diseases, infection and even cancer to fight. This virus attacks most vital cells in immune system; helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells, because it cannot replicate on it own and needs these cells to replicate [2]. HIV works towards decreasing CD4+ T cells in three ways: First, by killing the CD4+ T cells directly, second, by increase apoptosis rate and third by indirect mechanism where CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes (it recognizes infected cells and try to eradicate them) kill CD4+ T cells because they are infected by lentivirus. CD4+ T cells level decreases to such an extent where no self-immunity is left in human body.
HIV is classified into two categories; HIV-1 and HIV-2, HIV-1 is a the common HIV which is easily transmitted and is more virulent and infective while HIV-2 is less transmitted and mostly found in West Africa part only.
According to UNAID statistics, in 2010