Final Exam Review Science

1. There are four eras of Earth’s history they are Precambrian (87.6%), Paleozoic (7.1)%, Mesozoic (3.9 %), and Cenozoic (1.4 %) 2. There are four layers and two sub layers. * Inner core is solid metal and made up of nickel and iron * Outer core is made of a liquid molten core of nickel and iron * Mantle is made up of dense and mostly solid silicate rock * Lithosphere is the uppermost layer (100km thick) * Asthenosphere is the layer below the lithosphere (100km -660km) * Crust is thin silicate rock material on top 3. Pangaea is the proposed supercontinent that 200 million years ago supposedly began to shift apart and form our present continents. Alfred Wegener proposed this theory along with continental drift; Evidence he used includes matching fossils, rock types, and ancient climates. 4. The three types of plate boundaries are: * Divergent boundaries are a region where the rigid plates are moving apart, typified by the oceanic ridges * Convergent boundaries are a boundary in which two plates move together * Transform boundaries are a boundary in which two plates slide past each other without creating or destroying lithosphere 5. Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through Earth carrying energy released during an Earthquake. Three types of seismic waves are: * P-Waves: earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rock in the directions of the wave, also know as a compression wave * S-Waves: s seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling * Surface Waves: a seismic wave that travels along the surface of Earth 6. An earthquake’s focus is the point in the earth where the earthquake rupture or fault movement actually occurred. The point on the surface directly above this is the epicenter. 7. A high number of earthquakes occur along plate boundaries because plates moving together or apart normally cause them. 8. The