The deterrence model is the idea that the fear of punishment will prevent criminals or potential criminals from committing a crime. There are two different types of deterrence, which are general and specific. General deterrence is the preventing crime among the general population. The general public includes only those who have not committed a crime before. Specific deterrence is trying to prevent a specific group of people or specific person from committing a crime in the future. The deterrence model has been noted to not be effective. The deterrence model is half way effective because it does put fear in some people, but it does not exemplify all the many reasons people commit crimes. Many criminals or potential criminals may fear being…
3. Describe the various explanations for the age of desistance from crime. As age increases, criminal behavior decreases in frequency and seriousness. Ones identity in ages 17-20 begin to realize their life going nowhere and must make necessary changes to achieve success. The decision to give up or continue with crime is based on a person’s conscious reappraisal of the costs and benefits of criminal activity. Its not just aging that brings on desistance, but also the fear of punishment of being charged as an adult, rather than a juvenile. Crime is onset according to one’s peer relationships while it is desisted according to one’s peer relationships. Life course accounts of desistance asserts that there are multiple pathways to desistance which are consistent with the idea of informal social control. Examples like work, marriage, and community.…
Historical theories of punishment were based on the concept that applying fearful consequences to criminals would discourage any potential offenders. During the late 1700’s, a criminologist by the name of Cesar Beccaria argued the fact that the death penalty served no purpose as a form of punishment, let alone as a deterrence to criminals. He advocated to reform the criminal justice system through penology, concerning specifically with punishment and deterrence (Beccaria, 2009). In the following essay, Beccaria’s theory of punishment will be thoroughly…
Most individuals would agree that the media has an influence on us, although they themselves claim to not be influenced by its effects. The representation of crime and criminals has provoked consternation. It has been suggested that such representations inflate our fear of crime far beyond our actual risks of becoming victims. Those who are least at risk of being a victim of crime, old people and females, are those who live in most fear because it is young men that are more likely to be victims of crime (Hough and Mayhew, 1983; cited in Muncie 1996, p.56). Moral panics are also a topic worthy of discussion as some, such as Stan Cohen, suggest that their origins are within the media and are the root of our ‘fear’ of crime.…
The aim of this essay is to compare, contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation.…
It seems like danger in America has increased, although it is actually peoples fear. A prime cause of people’s misconceptions of danger media is delivered and is followed through by political leaders. Throughout the book, The Culture of Fear, Barry Glassner describes the United States as a country engulfed by fear. Glassner exposes individuals with the “peddlers of fear”, which are most support groups, politicians, TV news reporters, and even some published work. Glassner shows how Americans spend a great amount time worrying about things shown in media that are not necessarily issues that the public should worry about.…
Mass hysteria is fear or emotions that take a person by surprise. These emotions can cause a person to do something erratically, and the Axeman of New Orleans caused nothing short of it. In 1918 the first of his encounters occurred when he chiseled out a panel to the front door of a grocer and killed both tenants. The story spread to headlines as people holding the same occupation barred up their windows and doors. This fear was spiked after a month of quite and intisapatince. The crime was committed every time, in the same way leaving his weapon of choice behind, the Axe. Within a year the attacks continued leaving police baffled and setting fear at an all time high in the young city. The news spread word as an eerie letter was received at…
The Oklahoma City Bombing was a very eye opening event in American history. Timothy McVeigh bombed the Federal building, resulting in 168 deaths and many more injuries. Timothy McVeigh meets the criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder due to his lack of remorse and thinking of doing justice to the government.…
Juvenile offending increases to a peak in the adolescent years and then decreases in early adulthood. Criminal behaviour in offenders decreases in age from the mid twenties which has been proved fact using evidence from psychological, sociological and interactionist theories of crime. There is adequate evidence for all three theories of crime to explain this finding. In this essay it will be argued that each of these theories of crime can adequately explain crime desistance. Discussed…
First, the pros of incarcerating the elderly criminals will be discussed. Contrary to popular belief that after a certain age criminals stop committing crime, the age of elderly offenders ranged from 60 to 99 years old which shows that no matter how old someone is they may still commit crime. Also, 86.36 percent of elderly offenders knew their victim personally (Patel 442). This is a scary statistic for friends and family that are close with elderly criminals. The first pro for incarcerating the elderly is that in a study conducted between 2006 and 2010 rape against young females was found in 31 percent of the elderly incarcerated, 36 percent of elderly incarcerated were found guilty of murder or attempted murder, and 4 percent were found guilty of selling minor girls (Patel 443). This shows that they are dangerous criminals no matter what age they are. The people that argue that elderly people are harmless are clearly wrong. Rape and murder are some of the most serious crimes in society; if someone is able to commit such crimes they are able to serve time for those crimes. Furthermore, because society is aging more and more, criminals are committing serious crimes at an older age.…
number of elderly prisoners. The nature of their offending and the fact that many victims…
Over the past several decades attitudes towards law enforcement have changed tremendously. Law Enforcement officers are looked down upon by most people because of wrong decisions made in the heat of the moment by a growing percentage of police officers. Those wrong decisions that some have made, have had a huge impact on the nation because lives were wrongfully lost. In order to prevent needless killings, all law enforcement officers should be required to take fear training classes to make better decisions under times of pressure. This could result in the saving of many lives, while changing and restoring attitudes towards policemen.…
In the pure state of nature, all humans are of equal mind and body, meaning that no one has a distinct advantage or disadvantage against another. The state of nature is also referred to as the state of war in which every man will fight and try to protect what they deem as theirs. Thomas Hobbes, a seventeenth century philosopher, described this as bellum omnium contra onmes, meaning the war of all against all. Due to everyone attempting to fight everyone else to stay alive in a pure state of nature, societies and civilizations cannot form. So is there a way to keep the peace and let mankind develop into its full potential? Hobbes uses an idea of giving up individual powers to one person or an assembly of men as in the form of sovereignty. The sovereignty will be able enforce the peace with unlimited power. The sovereignty acquires these powers as individuals give up particular freedoms.…
Crime in America has decrease opposed to the crime rate in the 1990’s. However it still purposes a serious problem here in the United States. Rapes were down 2.5 percent, robbery was down 4 percent, and murder was down 0.7 percent (Friedan, 2012). Reason for this decline is due to the aging population, increase in the amount of people in jail and the changing in technology (Friedan, 2012).…
Fear is a powerful and psychological entity. Fear can make us rise to an occasion or crumble under its mighty psychosis. Fear can arise anywhere. It can come from the known and unknown. Fear can show the strong they are weak and it can show the weak they are strong. A person can learn from fear, as I have learned from being afraid. The first day attending a new school is scary to most young children. They know no one and usually don’t have any friends. Time will usually ease the child’s fear of a new school. Yes it is true. Fear is educational. My journey with fear will travel to another state and three different colleges.…