Conversion
The core of nineteenth-century evangelicalism was the experience of conversion.
3. Charles Grandison Finney: American Prebyterian minister and leader of an second great awakening. Together with several other evangelical leaders, his religious views led him to promote social reforms, such as abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African…
The Second Great Awakening was a huge religious reform movement that sought to re-captivate religious interest in America. One of its new breakthroughs is its representation of democratic ideas, or: “a reworking of traditional religious institutions to better match the average American’s sensibilities and frontier lifestyles (Second Great Awakening).” In this attempt to capture interest, this new theology differed from the previous Calvinist viewpoint that people’s predestined path to heaven or hell could only be altered by God’s choosing, in that the new theology emphasized individual free will, and equality in God’s eyes- a characteristic of democracy. These new theologies emphasized: “human choice. Reform of the individual human heart and also broader social institutions was indeed possible (Second Great Awakening).” Church ministers were elected and churches believed in a “priesthood of all believers.” Such religious reforms sought to expand democratic ideals into the churches. The theology of the Second Great Awakening can be divided into many different subdivisions which all spread out and…
Finney’s priority of evangelism is well shown in his relation with his coworkers and friends. Finney Never Allowed Slave-Holding Members to Join Communion Service Finney’s opinion of slavery was firm and strong. Finney was infuriated by churches and individual Christians who kept silent about slavery. Finney raised his voice in his Lectures on Revivals of Religion.…
The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival lead by the preacher Charles G. Finney. The revival was based on the idea of showing faith to God by doing good things within society and acting with moral correctness. As a whole this religious revival encouraged democratic ideas and bettered the standard of the common man. The Second Great Awakening inspired several movements including the movement for abolitionism and the movement for temperance in society in the North.…
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathon Edwards is an important piece of early American literature. The purpose of this sermon, written in 1741, was to persuade congregations to devote themselves fully to Puritan beliefs. It is characterized by the author’s use of emotional language, strong imagery and intense metaphors to paint a horrifying picture of eternal damnation for unsaved individuals. Through these techniques, Edwards effectively creates a vivid picture for the audience, depicting Hell and God’s wrath if they do not repent. In the writing, three strong metaphors in particular exemplify the sharp tone of the author.…
The mid- twentieth century was a period of great change and development in many aspects of the world. World War II was coming to a close, the development of nuclear and atomic warheads was becoming prioritized, and people around the world were diving into an interesting new world containing new developments in technology. This revolutionary period also brought about more freedom and lack of reliance on the church for support. Many Americans sought to break free from the strict governing of the church and find themselves in the world. Countless lost their faith in God and choose to live lives unrestricted by a deity. Yet there were also others whom had not yet met this God that so many had lost faith in after the war; people around the world and some just down the street. This is when the famed Billy Graham begins to earn the renown he is known for. Billy Graham is the most famous evangelist the twentieth century had ever known and he holds his reputation to this day.…
Many reform movements sought to regulate and control civilization. According to Charles Grandison Finney, society could be reformed through the use of religion (Doc. B). In 1834, Charles Grandison Finney stated, “When the churches are... awakened and reformed, the reformation and…
Jonathan Edwards’ sermon ‘Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God’ is a window into an age fraught with religious controversy and moral confusion. The sermon was riddled with horrifying imagery and threats to instill fear into the audiences of Puritan Minister, Jonathan Edwards. The movement of religious revivalism that occurred in part because of Edwards caused the Puritan society to think of God as a vengeful, torturous God, of whom to be afraid. The Puritans fear of God and being condemned to hell forced them to live in accordance with God’s will in hopes of spending eternity free from sin, living in salvation with Christ. Sinners is a work grounded in the concerns and struggles of its time, and it offers insights into a significant period of cultural transition in American history (Winslow 193). Simultaneously a conservative and a revolutionary text, the sermon hangs between the new and the old, science and Scripture, individual freedom and sovereign authority.…
As once a founding father of the United States, Benjamin Franklin once stated, “do not fear mistakes. You will know failure. Continue to reach out.” Though this quote might have been years later than 1741 during the time of the Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards gave the inspiring speech “Sinners in The Hands of an Angry God” to puritans who left the church and left Edwards feeling that puritanism was in danger. He uses fear as a tactic to get the unfaithful puritans to rededicate their lives to God and gives them hope to repent for the mistakes they have made. Edwards uses frightful imagery, and violent then hopeful metaphors to get puritans who strayed away from strict religion to come back and have a second chance at a pure life.…
After Americans endured two decades of continuous depression, war and crisis through the 1930's and 40's, they sought a return to normalcy and longed to focus on the more private details of existence. Instead of national objectives, the public concentrated on family, home, and career, while becoming increasingly absorbed in religion.…
In the early to mid 1800s, change grasped America in a way that it only had once before; another religious revival. The Second Great Awakening was a tidal wave of spirituality that quickly revolutionized America. While the first Great Awakening renewed interest in religion, the Second Great Awakening introduced new and original theology. Though, both Great Awakenings widened boundaries between classes and regions. Denominations were conceived based on personal beliefs like woman’s rights, slavery, and whether or not alcohol is acceptable. Liberalism became a vast part of everyday life as people decided that it was time to express their beliefs. The Second Great Awakening accelerated change through contemporary religions, higher education, and general culture.…
The Second Great Awakening was a time period in the early 19th century where people became extremely religious. It reflected cultural romanticism described by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to religion. Religion had a major role through out this time period. There were huge religious gatherings and revivals that attracted millions of people and it caused many different social changes. The Second Great Awakening created many different movements that involved religion, abolitionists, and women’s rights.…
In this section of the book, Finkelman gathered four documents written by three representatives of the Baptist and Protestant religion and by an anonymous person and edited by De Bow’s Review, a well circulated magazine in the South part of America within 19th century.…
For us to see the significance of the religious revivals known as the “Great Awakening,” we need to take a brief glance as to what caused it to happen. Going back into the 17th century, we will notice that fighting has ceased between political and religious leaders. This is due to the fact that the Church of England has come to establish a State religion. As a result of an establishment of a State religion, other religions such as Catholicism, Judaism and Puritanism were repressed. While having a State religion is a good idea for the political leaders, it created a dry, boring and complacent attitude among the citizens. Worshipping now became just an act. Going through the motions of worshipping, but not actually coming from the heart. This brings us to the spark of the “First Great Awakening,” which was the first of colonial America’s major religious revivals.…
Curran, C. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1999). The historical development of fundamental moral theology in the United States, Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press…