Essay On Yersinia Pestis
Extra Credit Assignment
This paper will be based on three articles that were assigned: Lipopolysaccharide modification in Gram-negative bacteria during chronic infection, Fortifying the barrier: the impact of lipid A remodelling on bacterial pathogenesis, and Pathogenicity of Yersinia pestis synthesis of 1-dephosphorylated lipid A. It will be a summary and my opinion of each article.
The first article has to do with Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide layer(LPS) and how it plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions in the immune system. Specifically having to deal with chronic infections and how a modified LPS layer has different effects on it. In chronic infections these modified LPS layers have a tendency to cause host immune systems to be evasive and cause constant inflammation.
The most common pathogen isolated from the airway of Cystic Fibrosis patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phenotypic changes in the bacteria have shown that some have undergone a mutation …show more content…
They lay forth an experiment to test a hypothesis. Like the previous two articles this discusses how altering the LPS layer and specifically the lipid A can mask the bacteria from the host immune response. The article showed that certain phosphate groups, specifically C-1 and C-4 lead to more endotoxicity and septic shock in hosts. Removal of one of these phosphate groups has shown to greatly reduce lipid A toxicity. Now the removal of this phosphate group was the hard part and did not always work, but they inserted F. tularensis lpxE into the LacI site of Y. pestis chromosome. In the end it did appear to work under certain circumstances and the mice showed an immune response and became inflamed before becoming very ill. Although becoming very ill is not ideal, it did show an immune response which therefore altered the lipid A enough for the mice immune system to recognize
This paper will be based on three articles that were assigned: Lipopolysaccharide modification in Gram-negative bacteria during chronic infection, Fortifying the barrier: the impact of lipid A remodelling on bacterial pathogenesis, and Pathogenicity of Yersinia pestis synthesis of 1-dephosphorylated lipid A. It will be a summary and my opinion of each article.
The first article has to do with Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide layer(LPS) and how it plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions in the immune system. Specifically having to deal with chronic infections and how a modified LPS layer has different effects on it. In chronic infections these modified LPS layers have a tendency to cause host immune systems to be evasive and cause constant inflammation.
The most common pathogen isolated from the airway of Cystic Fibrosis patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phenotypic changes in the bacteria have shown that some have undergone a mutation …show more content…
They lay forth an experiment to test a hypothesis. Like the previous two articles this discusses how altering the LPS layer and specifically the lipid A can mask the bacteria from the host immune response. The article showed that certain phosphate groups, specifically C-1 and C-4 lead to more endotoxicity and septic shock in hosts. Removal of one of these phosphate groups has shown to greatly reduce lipid A toxicity. Now the removal of this phosphate group was the hard part and did not always work, but they inserted F. tularensis lpxE into the LacI site of Y. pestis chromosome. In the end it did appear to work under certain circumstances and the mice showed an immune response and became inflamed before becoming very ill. Although becoming very ill is not ideal, it did show an immune response which therefore altered the lipid A enough for the mice immune system to recognize