Effects Of Exercise On The Musculoskeletal System

Reviewing Physiological Data
Effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system:
Musculoskeletal system
The musculoskeletal system is made of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones/joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form. This system operates under the control of the nervous system producing voluntary movements. “This system protects the brain and internal organs, maintains up right posture, blood cell formation, mineral homeostasis, stores fat and minerals”. During this 6 week programme I can see Dara’s short term responses. As Dara starts to exercise, the body adapts to the increased level that exercise puts it under. With the short term effects of exercise on Dara’s muscles there is then an increase of temperature,
This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood through the body, cells get oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from then removed from the body.
The heart rate raises, stroke volume increases, cardiac output increases, blood pressure increases, blood flow increases and blood plasma volume decreases. The short term effects of the cardiovascular system include an increase in cardiac output during and after exercise. The stroke volume and the heart rate increase because of the increase of oxygen being demanded by the working muscles. Blood flow is mainly put to the muscles that are working. Blood pressure also increases as more blood is transported at a much faster rate to the working muscles. This is evident as when Dara began to exercise his blood pressure went from 112 resting to 128 during exercise. This is because blood is transported at much a faster rate. Before you even begin your exercise, your heart rate already starts to build up, this is known as your anticipatory heart rate. Before intense exercise this happens due to the nervous system sending out signals. During exercise your blood needs to work harder to supply your muscles with more the sufficient amount of oxygen. Your heart does this by pumping more blood around the body by increasing
The organs work together to change the air that is breathed in into oxygen for the blood. The body’s cells require oxygen in order to function, so if the respiratory system does not work properly, there could be a massive problem. Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs and the blood becomes oxygenated before returning to the heart and being circulated towards the muscles. An massive change to make the heart and lungs work harder was the number of breaths needed per minute which a rest Dara’s was 10-14 breaths per minute, but as Dara began to exercise this increased. When you exercise you have an increase in the depth of breathing. Your muscles need more oxygen during exercise because they need to produce more energy to work for longer periods of time. Without an increase in oxygen the muscles will try to produce energy through the anaerobic energy system. But this won’t work long term. Before you begin exercising you get a small rise in breathing rate and this is called anticipatory rise. When you begin exercising there is a noticeable increase in breathing rate and after a few minutes of aerobic exercise your breathing continuous to increase but eventually levels off if the intensity remains constant. If you are exercising at your highest possible intensity then your breathing rate will keep increasing until exhaustion, where you can literally go no longer. Throughout