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Effect of Strategy and Organizational Structure on the Adoption and Implementation of Activity-Based Costing

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Effect of Strategy and Organizational Structure on the Adoption and Implementation of Activity-Based Costing
RINGKASAN ARTIKEL
“The Effect of Strategy and Organizational Structure on The Adoption And Implementation of Activity-Based Costing” by Maurice Gosselin

I. Masalah Penelitian Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya fenomena ABC Paradox. Beberapa waktu yang lalu banyak akuntan manajemen dan para akademisi yang menunjukkan bahwa Activity-Based Costing (ABC) merupakan suatu metode perhitungan biaya yang paling efektif atau baik untuk digunakan. Namun, survei penelitian yang terdahulu membuktikan bahwa proses pendifusian ABC tidak dilakukan secara terus menerus (National Association of Accountants, 1991; Institute of Management Accountants, 1993; Armitage & Nichelson, 1993; Innes & Mitchell, 1991, 1995; Cobb et al., 1992; Lukka, 1994). Bahkan, terdapat bukti bahwa beberapa perusahaan yang mulai mengimplementasikan ABC memutuskan untuk menghentikan proses implementasi tersebut (Hongren, 1990; Janes & Mitchell, 1991; Nanni et al, 1992; Madison & Power, 1993). Hal ini merupakan inti dari ABC Paradox, yang menyatakan bahwa jika memang ABC bermanfaat, mengapa banyak perusahaan tidak secara nyata melaksanakannya? ABC Paradox dapat dipahami melalui bagaimana faktor-faktor kontekstual seperti strategi dan struktur organisasional mempengaruhi adopsi dan implementasi ABC. II. Teori dan Hipotesis Dalam artikel ini, ABC dianggap sebagai sebuah tingkatan dalam activity management (AM). AM diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga kategori, yaitu: activity analysis, activity cost analysis, dan ABC. Tiga tingkatan tersebut menunjukkan rentang dari activity analysis yang sederhana tanpa penelusuran biaya sampai pelaporan ABC secara lengkap. ABC memiliki karakteristik-karakteristik dari inovasi secara teknik maupun administratif. Kemauan suatu perusahaan untuk berinovasi tergantung atau banyak dipengaruhi oleh strategi bisnis dan struktur organisasional. Artikel ini memandang ABC Paradox dari perspektif inovasi. A. Activity Management : Sebuah Inovasi dengan

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