Echocardiogram Case Study Answers

echocardiogram-used to assess heart valves.

valve disorders require prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures.

avoid IM injections when suspecting MI can affect CK levels

hemodynamic measurements-transducer placed @ the midaxillary line at the fourth or fifth intercostal space phlebostatic axis.

calcium channel blockers-assess for constipation

1. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS):
-NMS is like S&M;
-you get hot (hyperpyrexia)
-stiff (increased muscle tone)
-sweaty (diaphoresis)
-BP, pulse, and respirations go up &
-you start to drool

2. I kept forgetting which was dangerous when you're pregnant; regular measles (rubeola), or German measles (rubella), so remember:
-never get pregnant with a German (rubella)
When drawing up regular insulin & NPH together, remember:
-RN (regular comes before NPH)

4. Tetralogy of fallot; remember HOPS
H- hypertrophy of right ventricle
O- over-riding aorta
P- pulmonary stenosis
S- septal defect

5. MAOI's that are used as antidepressants: weird way to remember, I know. pirates say arrrr, so think; pirates take MAOI's when they're depressed.
- explanation; MAOI's used for depression all have an arrr sound in the middle (Parnate, Marplan, Nardil)

Autonomic dysreflexia: potentially life threatening emergency
- elevate head of bed to 90 degree
- loosen constrictive clothing
- assess for bladder distention and bowel impaction (triger)
- Administer antihypertensive meds (may cause stroke, MI, seisure )

Normal ICP : 0 - 15mmHg

Pulmonary embolus: S/S
- pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, low-grade fever, tachycardia, blood-tinged sputum.

COPD : S/S
- dyspnea on exertion, barrel chest, clubbed fingers and toes, tachypneic with prolonged expiratory
Child with 3 C's (Cough-Choke-Cyanosis) should be assessed for tracheoesophagial fistula 11. Gastric lavage is a priority for an infant who has been identified as suffering from botulism 12. Viral meningitis usually does not require protective measures 13. [pic] 14. Myasthenia gravis--muscle weakness that occurs mostly in the throat and face as results from the deficits of the nerve impulses conducting at the myoneural junction. Pancuronium and succinylcholine are neromuscular agents that should be used with caution because of the chance of prolonging recovery.

Clients with CRF are to be on a high carbohydrate diet to prevent protein metabolism. Pt's must limit protein, sodium and potassium and fluids because the kidneys cannot excrete an adequate amount of urine.

ABG's is the best way to monitor pulmonary status by analyzing the level of hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema and for monitoring effects of treatment.

Cardiogenic shock--there is low cardiac output from heart pump failure such as in heart failure, sever cardiomyopathy, acute MI.

Pancreatitis-high carb, low fat diet.

IV cimetidine(Tagamant) given as treatment for a bleeding peptic ulcer may experience hyptotention if given too