Comparison of gametes produced by a heterozygous organism for two genes when they are UNLINKED and LINKED
GF 2007
UNLINKED GENES
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes b B A
a
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes
B
b
A
a
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes
B
b
A
a
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B b A a
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B b
A a
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B b
a
A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes
B B
b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible.
a a
A A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis AB alleles on I
different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes
B B
b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
a a
A A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
a a
A A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. a a A A
Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
a a
A A
GF 2007
Pairs separate
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms Pairs separate
a a
A A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms Pairs separate
a a
A A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a a
A A
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
GF 2007
Pairs separate
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a a
A A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a a
A A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a a
A A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a a
A A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
A
A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
A
A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
A
A
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
A
A
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
A
Formation of Gametes
A
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
Formation of Gametes
A A
GF 2007
Haploid cells – Meiosis II
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
a
a
A
A
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
GAMETES
AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b
Formation of Gametes a a A A
GF 2007
GAMETES Depending on how the homologous pairs lined up in Meiosis I, there was an equal chance of formation of the following gametes
B
B
b
b
A
A
a
a
GF 2007
When 2 genes are UNLINKED there are FOUR different possible types of gamete
AB
Ab
aB
ab
GF 2007
LINKED GENES
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome a A B b
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome a b
A B
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome a b
A B
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B a b
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B a b
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B a b
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms Pairs separate
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms Pairs separate
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms Pairs separate
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis I
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms Pairs separate
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A A B B a a b b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Second meiotic division: separation of chromatids.
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
A Diploid cell with Linked genes – Meiosis II
AB alleles on paternal chromosome ab alleles on maternal chromosome A B A B a b a b
Formation of Gametes
GF 2007
When 2 genes are LINKED there are only TWO different possible types of gametes (Unless Chiasmata have formed and RECOMBINANTS have been produced)
AB
ab
GF 2007
Predicting the genetic ratio of Crossing two heterozygote parents when genes are UNLINKED
Gametes from mother AB Gametes from father AB Ab aB ab AABB AABb AaBB AaBb Ab AaBb AAbb AaBb Aabb 9: 3: 3 :1
GF 2007Dominant
aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
AB : Dom A rec b: rec a dom B: rec ab phenotypes
Predicting the genetic ratio of Crossing two heterozygote parents when genes are LINKED
Gametes from mother AB Gametes from father ab
AB
AABB
AaBb
ab
AaBb
aabb
3 :1 Dominant: recessive phenotypes
GF 2007
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