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1899
CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
(MALOLOS CONVENTION)
The President of the Council,
Apolinario Mabini.

PREAMBLE
We, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfully covened, in order to establish justice, provide for common defense, promote the general welfare, and insure the benefits of liberty, imploring the aid of the Sovereign Legislator of the Universe for the attainment of these ends, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the following:

POLITICAL CONSTITUTION

TITLE I
THE REPUBLIC
Article 1. The political association of all Filipinos constitutes a nation, whose state shall be known as the Philippine Republic
Article 2. The Philippine Republic is free and independent
Article 3. Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people.

TITLE II
THE GOVERNMENT
Article 4. The Government of the Republic is popular, representative, alternative, and responsible, and shall exercise three distinct powers: namely, the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Any two or more of these three powers shall never be united in one person or cooperation, nor the legislative power vested in one single individual.

TITLE III
RELIGION
Article 5. The State recognizes the freedom and equality of all religions, as well as the separation of the Church and the State.

TITLE IV
THE FILIPINOS AND THEIR NATIONAL
AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
Article 6. The following are Filipinos: 1. All persons born in the Philippine territory. A vessel of Philippine registry is considered, for this purpose, as part of Philippine territory. 2. Children of a Filipino father or mother, although born outside of the Philippines. 3. Foreigners who have obtained certification of naturalization. 4. Those who, without such certificate, have acquired a domicile in any town within Philippine territory.
It is understood that domicile is acquired by uninterrupted residence for two years in any locality within Philippine territory, with an open abode and

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