Determinants Of Health Case Study
1. Determinants of Health
The central concept in the category ‘Determinants of Health’ is deprivation. Deprivation is a complex construct with many different facets. It is influenced by socioeconomic and demo-graphic variables and there are indices of social deprivation to measure it.
The socioeconomic status (SES) has an impact on health care need, since research detect-ed greater need for health care among groups with low socioeconomic status. But they do not only have greater needs, but these needs are also often unmet [51]. Typical variables to depict the SES are ‘Education’ and ‘Working status’. On the one hand, higher educational levels are linked with better health and they ensure that their health needs are met. On the other hand, …show more content…
To stick to the example of Reeves (2004), the ‘ethnic mix’ index indicated the proportion of ethnic minorities in a population. The index also depicts the varying vulnerability of different ethnic groups e.g. to contract special diseases from specific influences and to which degree. Also ethnical data is available from census and good achievable. It is not a marker for greater health need in ethnic minorities, but an indicator that health needs differ in different populations [43]. Especially for nations with a multi-ethnical population, this factor can be instructive.
Indices of population need to measure deprivation are the ‘Indices of Social Deprivation’, as mentioned in Mays (1992) and Barnett (2002). Four of the general deprivation indices on deprivation are commonly used: Townsend [53], Carstairs [54], Jarman Underpriviledged Area Score (Jarman UPA) [55], and the Department of the Environment (DoE) [26]. All of them can be provided by the statistic software SAS [31].
To demonstrate the structure of such an index, the 7 elements of the ‘Index of deprivation’ are listed: Income deprivation, Employment deprivation, Health deprivation and disability, Education, skills and training deprivation, Barriers to housing and services, Living environ-ment deprivation and Crime [56].
2. Health …show more content…
As a snapshot in time, the health need is assessed without regard to long-term progress of the severity of the disease. The assessment of need for medical care concerns as well states of health or ill health as use of services and levels of supply [1, 10]. According to B. Williams (1962) and Gillon (1985), need is ill health. They suggest that need is depending on the initial health state. Sicker persons have a greater need [8] (p. 433).
The need for medical care is not necessarily the same for two individuals, even if the objec-tive evaluated health state is the same. For example, a pianist has different requirements for the functionality of his hands as a math teacher. Supposedly the math teacher does not have the need for a maximum of treatment options.
Health profile questionnaires, as the EQ 5D (QALY measure) and SF36 (health profile measure) also measure the initial health state at the time when the questionnaire is filled out. Those scores can be utilized to compare expected health need between patient groups or health gain
The central concept in the category ‘Determinants of Health’ is deprivation. Deprivation is a complex construct with many different facets. It is influenced by socioeconomic and demo-graphic variables and there are indices of social deprivation to measure it.
The socioeconomic status (SES) has an impact on health care need, since research detect-ed greater need for health care among groups with low socioeconomic status. But they do not only have greater needs, but these needs are also often unmet [51]. Typical variables to depict the SES are ‘Education’ and ‘Working status’. On the one hand, higher educational levels are linked with better health and they ensure that their health needs are met. On the other hand, …show more content…
To stick to the example of Reeves (2004), the ‘ethnic mix’ index indicated the proportion of ethnic minorities in a population. The index also depicts the varying vulnerability of different ethnic groups e.g. to contract special diseases from specific influences and to which degree. Also ethnical data is available from census and good achievable. It is not a marker for greater health need in ethnic minorities, but an indicator that health needs differ in different populations [43]. Especially for nations with a multi-ethnical population, this factor can be instructive.
Indices of population need to measure deprivation are the ‘Indices of Social Deprivation’, as mentioned in Mays (1992) and Barnett (2002). Four of the general deprivation indices on deprivation are commonly used: Townsend [53], Carstairs [54], Jarman Underpriviledged Area Score (Jarman UPA) [55], and the Department of the Environment (DoE) [26]. All of them can be provided by the statistic software SAS [31].
To demonstrate the structure of such an index, the 7 elements of the ‘Index of deprivation’ are listed: Income deprivation, Employment deprivation, Health deprivation and disability, Education, skills and training deprivation, Barriers to housing and services, Living environ-ment deprivation and Crime [56].
2. Health …show more content…
As a snapshot in time, the health need is assessed without regard to long-term progress of the severity of the disease. The assessment of need for medical care concerns as well states of health or ill health as use of services and levels of supply [1, 10]. According to B. Williams (1962) and Gillon (1985), need is ill health. They suggest that need is depending on the initial health state. Sicker persons have a greater need [8] (p. 433).
The need for medical care is not necessarily the same for two individuals, even if the objec-tive evaluated health state is the same. For example, a pianist has different requirements for the functionality of his hands as a math teacher. Supposedly the math teacher does not have the need for a maximum of treatment options.
Health profile questionnaires, as the EQ 5D (QALY measure) and SF36 (health profile measure) also measure the initial health state at the time when the questionnaire is filled out. Those scores can be utilized to compare expected health need between patient groups or health gain