cyber espionage
1. Introduction
With the upbringing in the field of computer networks now spanning the globe, law and law enforcement agencies must address the international dimensions of crimes in cyberspace. Criminals in an electronic world can ignore international boundaries, since they can send information and execute commands via worldwide networks. Requiring no physical presence and facilitated by the presence of the Internet, electronic crimes are readily suited for international commission. The digital world has brought about a new type of clear and present danger: cyber war. Since information technology and the internet have developed to such an extent that they have become a major element of national power, cyber war has become the drumbeat of the day as nation-states are arming themselves for the cyber battle space. Many states are not only conducting cyber espionage, cyber reconnaissance and probing mission There is no specific area of the globe subject to the majority of cyber espionage attacks. Typically, they center on the most technologically advanced countries: the US, Japan and Russia, mostly. But a good number of operations have also been detected in problematic regions like the Middle East as well.
1.1 Rise of Digital World
The digital world has brought about a new type of clear and present danger: cyber war. Since information technology and the internet have developed to such an extent that they have become a major element of national power, cyber war has become the drumbeat of the day as nation-states are arming themselves for the cyber battle space. Many states are not only conducting cyber espionage, cyber reconnaissance1 and probing missions; they are creating offensive cyber war capabilities, developing national strategies, and engaging in cyber attacks with alarming frequency. Increasingly, there are reports of cyber attacks and network infiltrations that can be linked to nation-states and political goals. This is unfortunate, because the cyber
With the upbringing in the field of computer networks now spanning the globe, law and law enforcement agencies must address the international dimensions of crimes in cyberspace. Criminals in an electronic world can ignore international boundaries, since they can send information and execute commands via worldwide networks. Requiring no physical presence and facilitated by the presence of the Internet, electronic crimes are readily suited for international commission. The digital world has brought about a new type of clear and present danger: cyber war. Since information technology and the internet have developed to such an extent that they have become a major element of national power, cyber war has become the drumbeat of the day as nation-states are arming themselves for the cyber battle space. Many states are not only conducting cyber espionage, cyber reconnaissance and probing mission There is no specific area of the globe subject to the majority of cyber espionage attacks. Typically, they center on the most technologically advanced countries: the US, Japan and Russia, mostly. But a good number of operations have also been detected in problematic regions like the Middle East as well.
1.1 Rise of Digital World
The digital world has brought about a new type of clear and present danger: cyber war. Since information technology and the internet have developed to such an extent that they have become a major element of national power, cyber war has become the drumbeat of the day as nation-states are arming themselves for the cyber battle space. Many states are not only conducting cyber espionage, cyber reconnaissance1 and probing missions; they are creating offensive cyber war capabilities, developing national strategies, and engaging in cyber attacks with alarming frequency. Increasingly, there are reports of cyber attacks and network infiltrations that can be linked to nation-states and political goals. This is unfortunate, because the cyber