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Crisis Subprime

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Crisis Subprime
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO

La crisis sub-prime tiene su origen en EE.UU., más específicamente en el sector inmobiliario. Las instituciones financieras aprovechando la baja tasa de interés, la liquidez del mercado, el boom inmobiliario, etc. otorgaron créditos hipotecarios a individuos con baja o mala calificación crediticia. Esto mirado positivamente fue bueno, ya que permitió el acceso a la vivienda propia a muchas personas que bajo otras circunstancias hubiera sido imposible de obtenerla.
El mercado hipotecario de los Estados Unidos es altamente sofisticado, y dentro de este contexto, las instituciones financieras forman “paquetes de hipotecas”, pudiendo ser objeto de venta y transacción mediante compra de bonos o títulos de créditos. Estos instrumentos financieros obtuvieron buena clasificación, por parte de las clasificadoras de riesgos. Gracias a una ingeniosa INGENIERIA FINANCIERA crearon instrumentos financieros como MBS, CDO, CDS, Synthetic CDO.

La FED, al observar que se estaba formando una “burbuja” de manera artificial, comenzó a subir la tasa de interés, provocando entre otros efectos, que los deudores hipotecarios no pudieron solventar las cuotas mensuales originadas por los créditos, cayendo en morosidad o con embargo de sus propiedades. Esta grave situación de insolvencia de los deudores provocó una iliquidez en el mercado, afectando, en definitiva, la cadena de pagos.
Las dos más grandes agencias hipotecarias de EE.UU. FANNIE MAE y FREDDIE MAC, que garantizan o son dueñas de cerca de la mitad del mercado hipotecario de EE.UU., que en total asciende a US $12 billones aprox. Las dos agencias, que se dedican a comprar hipotecas a los bancos para posteriormente venderlas a inversores mediante emisiones de deuda y liberar así un capital para conceder nuevos préstamos fueron rescatadas por la FED. El rescate tiene como objetivo facilitar el acceso al capital a las agencias durante un periodo de tiempo lo suficientemente largo para que puedan

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