CPR is a combination of chest compressions and ventilations.
You only perform CPR on a patient that is unconscious, not breathing, and has no pulse. These are signs of cardiac arrest.
The first step is to size-up the scene, making sure it is safe for you, the patient, and any bystanders.
The second step is to perform an initial assessment of the situation. To check if the patient is breathing tilt their chin up to open the airway and then put your ear to their mouth facing their chest, and listen and look for breathes. To check for a pulse on the patient put two fingers on the carotid artery on their neck. You usually perform these at the same time to be efficient and quick.
Next, instruct a bystander to call 911.
Once you have determined that the patient is not breathing or has no pulse, make sure the patient is on a hard, flat surface then the next step is to find the correct hand positioning to give chest compressions. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest avoiding the xiphoid process. Place the other hand on top; keep your arms straight and shoulders directly over the hands.
Next, perform 30 chest compressions. Compress the chest at least 2 inches, make sure to keep a steady pace and let the chest completely rise before pushing down again. Make sure to use your body weight and not your arms. Counting out loud helps keep a steady pace.
The next step is to place the resuscitation mask on the patient, making sure their chin is tilted up keeping an open airway. You want to make the mask kind of like suction by applying pressure to the edges of the mask. You use the mask to help provide effective breathes and to protect yourself from emesis/vomit or illness. Provide 2 ventilations to the patient, making sure that the chest clearly rises and falls before the next.
Keep repeating cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 ventilations until
- you see obvious sign of life
- an AED is